Aeolian sand  3D printed mortar  Mechanical properties  Frost resistance  Freezing -thawing damage mechanism  

Cements  Compressive strength  Deterioration  Durability  Freezing  Molecular structure  Piles  Pore structure  Thawing  Water conservation  Concrete specimens  Construction wastes  Deterioration mechanism  Evolution modeling  Freezing thawing cycles  Laboratory experiments  Microscopic structures  Performance deterioration  

Aggregates  Computerized tomography  Deterioration  Freezing  Mixtures  Scour  Tensile strength  Thawing  Water absorption  Fine aggregates  Freeze-thaw cycles  Freeze-thaw splitting  Freezing thawing cycles  Microstructure changes  Water absorption rates  Water properties  X-ray computed tomography  

Chlorine compounds  Chlorine compounds  Chlorine compounds  Chlorine compounds  Chlorine compounds  Compressive strength  Compressive strength  Compressive strength  Compressive strength  Compressive strength  Dissolution  Dissolution  Dissolution  Dissolution  Dissolution  Elastic waves  Elastic waves  Elastic waves  Elastic waves  Elastic waves  Freezing  Freezing  Freezing  Freezing  Freezing  Rock mechanics  Rock mechanics  Rock mechanics  Rock mechanics  Rock mechanics  Sandstone  Sandstone  Sandstone  Sandstone  Sandstone  Scanning electron microscopy  Scanning electron microscopy  Scanning electron microscopy  Scanning electron microscopy  Scanning electron microscopy  Sodium bicarbonate  Sodium bicarbonate  Sodium bicarbonate  Sodium bicarbonate  Sodium bicarbonate  Sodium sulfate  Sodium sulfate  Sodium sulfate  Sodium sulfate  Sodium sulfate  Thawing  Thawing  Thawing  Thawing  Thawing  Wave propagation  Wave propagation  Wave propagation  Wave propagation  Wave propagation  X ray powder diffraction  X ray powder diffraction  X ray powder diffraction  X ray powder diffraction  X ray powder diffraction  Characteristics and mechanisms  Characteristics and mechanisms  Characteristics and mechanisms  Characteristics and mechanisms  Characteristics and mechanisms  Chemical corrosion  Chemical corrosion  Chemical corrosion  Chemical corrosion  Chemical corrosion  Cumulative damage  Cumulative damage  Cumulative damage  Cumulative damage  Cumulative damage  Damage characteristics  Damage characteristics  Damage characteristics  Damage characteristics  Damage characteristics  Freeze-thaw cycles  Freeze-thaw cycles  Freeze-thaw cycles  Freeze-thaw cycles  Freeze-thaw cycles  Freezing and thawing cycle  Freezing and thawing cycle  Freezing and thawing cycle  Freezing and thawing cycle  Freezing and thawing cycle  Uniaxial compressive strength  Uniaxial compressive strength  Uniaxial compressive strength  Uniaxial compressive strength  Uniaxial compressive strength  X-ray diffraction analyses (XRD)  X-ray diffraction analyses (XRD)  X-ray diffraction analyses (XRD)  X-ray diffraction analyses (XRD)  X-ray diffraction analyses (XRD)  

Canal  Cold region  Frozen soil  Frost heave  Coupled water-heat-mechanics model