| 题名 | 安全和隐私的指纹认证技术研究 |
| 作者 | 李鹏 |
| 学位类别 | 工学博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2011-05-30 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院自动化研究所 |
| 导师 | 田捷 |
| 关键词 | 指纹 模糊保险箱 配准 加密 解密 安全 纠错码 Fingerprint Fuzzy Vault Alignment Encryption Decryption Security ECC |
| 其他题名 | Research on Secure and Private Fingerprint Verification |
| 学位专业 | 计算机应用技术 |
| 中文摘要 | 本文主要针对指纹来进行研究，在充分调研了国际上安全指纹认证技术发展背景和趋势的基础上，创造性的提出了多种算法或技术，为进一步补充和完善安全指纹认证技术做出了一定的贡献。本文的贡献主要体现在以下几个方面： 本文提出使用细节点周围脊线信息，联合用户口令，来构造变换函数，将细节点信息变换到另一个空间中，之后在变换空间构造指纹Fuzzy Vault。Fuzzy Vault的加解密都在形变空间中进行。这样既保证了身份认证功能顺利完成，又能减少系统遭受替代攻击的风险。 本文提出了一种构造免配准的指纹Fuzzy Vault的方法，既避开了指纹加密域配准这个棘手的问题，同时又提高了系统的认证性能和安全性。该方法采用指纹细节点描述子（Minutia descriptor）和细节点局部结构（Minutia local strucure）这两种对平移和旋转不敏感的局部特征，来构造免配准的指纹Fuzzy Vault，同时使用二次平滑滤波的方法来构造杂凑描述子（Chaff descriptors），使用霍夫编码来降低描述子的存储空间。在Fuzzy Vault解密过程中，使用三种联合规则来评价融合的局部特征的联合相似度。 本文提出一种基于方向场互信息的多层次配准方法，利用细节点周围的方向场信息来计算精确的配准参数。同时将这种方法应用于构造指纹Fuzzy Vault，提出了使用细节点间脊线数目特征来代替细节点方向特征，构造了安全性更高的指纹Fuzzy Vault系统。 本文提出了一种个性化的统计方法，将指纹细节点特征变换为定长二值特征，其中结合了用户数据，所以可以构造双因子的模板保护方法。之后与性能比较好的各种纠错码结合，包括BCH码，RS与BCH的级联码，LDPC码等，可以构造有效地指纹Fuzzy Commitment系统。 |
| 英文摘要 | In this thesis, we focus on the fingerprint, which is the most widely used in the biometric community. The main contribution of this thesis is as follows: We develop an improvement version of fuzzy vault integrating minutiae’s local ridge orientation information. The improved fuzzy fingerprint vault, a two factor authentication scheme to some extent, can effectively prevent cross-matching between different fingerprint vaults. Experimental results show that, if and only if the fingerprint and the password of users are simultaneity obtained by the attacker, the fuzzy vault can be cracked. An alignment-free fingerprint cryptosystem based on fuzzy vault scheme is developed fusing the local features, known minutia descriptor and minutia local structure, which are invariant to the transformation in fingerprint capturing. Three fusion strategies are employed to integrate the two local features. Huffman coding technology is used to compress the storage volume of the minutia descriptor vault. The proposed fingerprint cryptosystem can avoid the alignment procedure and improve the performance and security of the fuzzy vault scheme at the same time. A novel fingerprint aligning method is proposed, which integrates the fingerprint reference points and its neighboring region of interest(ROI) in a hierarchical manner. The concept of mutual information(MI) in the information theory is used to assess the coincidence extent of two fingerprints after being aligned. The novel alignment method is applied to fingerprint-based fuzzy vault implementation. Out of information leakage consideration, the orientation features of fingerprint minutiae are discarded and another distinguishing local feature, inter-minutiae ridge count, is used to replace the minutiae orientation in the implementation of fingerprint-based fuzzy vault. We propose a novel binary length-fixed feature generation method of fingerprint. The alignment procedure, which is thought as a difficult task in the encrypted domain, is avoided in the proposed method due to the employment of minutiae triplets (MT). Using the generated binary feature as input, we construct the biometric cryptosystems by combining several of error correction codes, including BCH code, a concatenated code of BCH code and Reed-Solomon code, and LDPC code, based on fuzzy commitment scheme. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 其他标识符 | 200818014629090 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.ia.ac.cn/handle/173211/6375]  |
| 专题 | 毕业生_博士学位论文 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 李鹏. 安全和隐私的指纹认证技术研究[D]. 中国科学院自动化研究所. 中国科学院研究生院. 2011. |
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