| 题名 | 得克隆生产的职业暴露及其在工厂周边环境中分布特征的研究 |
| 作者 | 张海东 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2014-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 张庆华 |
| 关键词 | 氯代阻燃剂 得克隆 职业暴露 新型持久性有机污染物 chlorinated flame retardant Dechlorane Plus occupational exposure new POPs |
| 其他题名 | Occupational exposure of manufacturing workers to Dechlorane Plus and its distribution in the vicinity of the plant |
| 学位专业 | 环境科学 |
| 中文摘要 | 得克隆（Dechlorane Plus, DP）作为一种已经使用了几十年的商用氯代阻燃剂，由于具有典型持久性有机污染物(Persistent organic Pollutants, POPs)的一些共同特点：持久性、生物富集性和长距离迁移能力，从而引起研究人员的广泛关注，成为近些年来POPs研究领域的新热点。DP作为新型POPs，生产过程是其进入环境的一个重要来源，本论文即从如下几个部分，调查研究DP生产厂工人的职业暴露水平以及周边环境中的DP分布特征。 首先，建立了气相色谱-负化学源-质谱联用（GC-NCI-MS）检测环境中土壤、底泥、大气以及人体血液和头发等样品中DP的分析方法。样品采用加速溶剂萃取（ASE）和混合洗脱方法提取不同环境样品和人体血液样品，经过净化和浓缩不同基质中的目标化合物后借助GC/MS进行分离检测。建立的分析方法具有良好的分辨率和重现性，可以实现DP的定性和定量分析。 其次，通过对血液和头发样品的分析，调查了职业暴露人群及周边人群体内DP的浓度水平与分布。人体血液中DP的浓度范围在89.8到2958 ng/g lipid weight (lw)之间，而头发中DP的浓度范围为4.08到2159 ng/g dry weight (dw)。对于工厂里从事与DP生产相关的工人，其体内的DP浓度高于其它两组绝大多数人体内的DP浓度。同时职业暴露人群与对照人群体内的fanti 值都低于商品中的fanti 值，暗示在人体内DP可能由于代谢或生物转化等原因出现了顺式异构体累积的现象。此外数据显示职业暴露工人血液和头发中DP的浓度与其暴露时间均呈显著的正相关关系。 最后，研究了DP生产工厂及周边环境中土壤、底泥、大气中DP的污染水平和分布特征。DP在工厂周边环境中的浓度水平整体较高，土壤、底泥、被动和主动大气样品中DP的浓度范围分别为0.497-2315 ng/g dw、0.324 -20.50 ng/g dw、2.11-4560 pg/m3和5.52-3332 pg/m3。土壤中DP浓度的对数值与离点源的距离的对数值之间存在着线性负相关关系。大气中DP浓度的空间分布呈现出点源周围高于偏远地区、下风向高于上风向地区的趋势。在工厂排污口附近的运河底泥中DP浓度是所有7个底泥样品中最高的，说明工厂的污水排放会对周围水体造成一定污染。土壤、底泥以及大气中的fanti值与商品DP的fanti值接近，说明两种异构体在环境介质中没有出现明显的富集或降解差异。 |
| 英文摘要 | Dechlorane Plus (DP) is a widely used flame retardant in different electrical and textile applications. Due to some typical characteristics of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), such as potential bioaccumulation, persistence in the environment, and long-range transport potential toward remote regions, it has recently attracted great concern around the world. Manufacturing process is an important source for DP entering the environment. This study investigates the levels and distribution of DP in occupational workers and the surrounding area from DP manufacturing process. It consists of the following 3 parts: Analytical methods were developed to measure DP in human blood, hair, soil, sediment and air samples. The methods are accurate, and suitable for the determination of DP in real samples. The present study investigated the DP levels and distribution in human samples from a DP manufacturing plant and a nearby area in east China. The DP concentrations ranged from 89.8 to 2958 ng/g lipid weight (lw) in whole blood and 4.08 to 2159 ng/g dry weight (dw) in hair. For the workers engaged in DP manufacturing process, their DP levels were significantly higher than those in most of the other two control groups from the nearby area. The values of anti-DP fractional abundance (fanti ratio) were commonly lower in the human samples from both the manufacturing plant and nearby area than those in the commercial products and excretion as well as biotransformation are possible reasons for stereoselective accumulation of the syn-DP isomer in humans. Furthermore, significantly positive relationship (p<0.05) was obtained between i) the concentrations (and fanti) in the paired blood and hair samples, indicating a similar distribution pattern of the two DP isomers in the paired samples; ii) the DP levels in human body and the exposure time (p<0.05), which suggest that further assessment could be needed to investigate potential long-term risks to the occupational population. Study was conducted to investigate the influence of manufacturing facilities on the DP levels in the surrounding environment. The range of DP concentrations were 0.497-2315 ng/g dw, 0.324 -20.50ng/g dw, 2.11-4560 pg/m3 and 5.52-3332 pg/m3 for soils, sediments, passive air samples and active air samples, respectively. Significant negative correlations were observed between DP concentrations in soil and the distance from the manufacturing facilities. The distance from point source and wind direction significantly influenced the levels of DP in the atmosphere. The DP concentration in sediment near the facility is the highest, implying rivers near the facility may be polluted by sewage discharge. The values of fant in soils, sediments, and air samples are similar with that in the commercial DP, showing that DP is stable in environment. |
| 公开日期 | 2015-07-07 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/15736]  |
| 专题 | 生态环境研究中心_环境化学与生态毒理学国家重点实验室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张海东. 得克隆生产的职业暴露及其在工厂周边环境中分布特征的研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2014. |
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