山地梨枣树耗水特征及模型

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	山地梨枣树耗水特征及模型
	辛小桂 ; 吴普特 ; 汪有科 ; 蔺君
刊名	生态学报
	2012
卷号	32 期号:23 页码:7473-7482
关键词	山地梨枣 mountain jujube pear-like 作物系数 crop coefficient 土壤水分胁迫系数 soil water stress coefficient 耗水规律 laws of evapotranspiration 模型研究
其他题名	A model for water consumption by mountain jujube pear-like
中文摘要	由于枣树树龄、品种、冠层形态、下垫面以及枣树种植区气象条件不同,导致榆林地区枣树耗水规律研究缺乏系统性。本文利用HYDRUS-1D数学模型对枣树耗水规律进行了研究。2008—2010年通过对榆林米脂县不同树龄山地梨枣树叶面积指数、根系分布规律,作物系数的研究,结合HYDRUS-1D模型预测所需土壤、气象等参数的测定,对山地梨枣树土壤水分动态进行了模拟,并对土壤水分模拟结果与实测值进行拟合,反推出模型计算所需的消光系数及土壤水分胁迫系数等参数。结果表明:HYDRUS-1D模型能够很好模拟该地区梨枣树土壤水分动态变化过程,该地区成年(8龄)梨枣树从发芽开始到梨枣收获期结束共耗水267 mm。更多还原
英文摘要	The regulation of water consumption by mountain jujube trees，jujube pear-like，has not been previously researched in a systematic fashion because of differences among the jujube samples，including age，variety，canopy morphology，meteorological conditions，and land surface conditions． Numerical simulation is an effective and convenient method to investigate the patterns of water consumption of trees，including jujube trees． Therefore，this paper introduces a mathematical model ( HYDRUS-1D) to simulate the soil moisture requirements for jujube pear-like． First，to develop the model，the forecast parameters of the HYDRUS-1D model，such as soil properties，weather conditions，leaf area index ( LAI) ，root distribution，and basal crop coefficient，were measured in the northern hilly area of Shannxi Province，China，from 2008 to 2010． Second，the dynamic characteristics of soil moisture in a rain-proof plot experiment were roughly simulated using the HYDRUS-1D model，then，we adjusted the model so that the simulated results better fit the measured data of soil moisture． We inversely extrapolated the parameters of soil water stress coefficient and extinction coefficient，which determine the values of the potential transpiration and potential evaporation，respectively，for the atmospheric boundary conditions． Finally，using the parameters we estimated，we used the HYDRUS-1D model to predict water consumption by eight-year-old jujube pear-like trees in the field． The results showed the following． ( 1) The changes in LAI of jujube pear-like were consistent with a Gaussian function from germination to fruit ripening． Average LAI of jujube pear-like increased from young to old trees，but the inter-annual differences in LAI decreased in trees that were older than six years． ( 2) Root depth of jujube pear-like increased linearly with the age of the tree． At the same time，the distribution of capillary roots decreased linearly with an increase in the root depth． The percentage of capillary roots at a depth of 40 cm was more than 70%． ( 3) To obtain the boundary conditions of the HYDRUS-1D model，we used LAI and the extinction coefficient combined with the crop coefficient to calculate the daily reference evapotranspiration． Fitting the model to the data indicated that，when extinction coefficient of mountain jujube pear-like was 0． 52，the measured data of soil moisture fit the simulation quite well． ( 4) The correlation coefficient of simulated values and measured data of soil water storage reached 0． 89，which proved that the parameters of the model with respect to water consumption of jujube pear-like were reliable and that the HYDRUS-1D model could simulate well the dynamic process of soil moisture changes and accurately estimate the water requirements of jujube pear-like． ( 5) As a result，cumulative evaporation of mountain jujube pear-like was 92 mm，and cumulative transpiration was 175 mm． The total water volume consumed by eight-year-old jujube pear-like trees，from germination to harvest，was 267 mm． Based on the actual amounts of local rainfall and water resources，jujube pear-like should be irrigated two to three times during its flowering and fruiting periods，and water application depths should reach 30—40 mm to meet the growth requirements of this crop plant．
语种	中文
公开日期	2014-06-24
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.iswc.ac.cn/handle/361005/5322]
专题	水土保持研究所_水保所知识产出(1956-2013)
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	辛小桂,吴普特,汪有科,等. 山地梨枣树耗水特征及模型[J]. 生态学报,2012,32(23):7473-7482.
APA	辛小桂,吴普特,汪有科,&蔺君.(2012).山地梨枣树耗水特征及模型.生态学报,32(23),7473-7482.
MLA	辛小桂,et al."山地梨枣树耗水特征及模型".生态学报 32.23(2012):7473-7482.