梯级水库群调度模拟及其对河流生态环境的影响——以长江上游为例

CORC > 成都山地灾害与环境研究所 > 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 > 成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前）

题名	梯级水库群调度模拟及其对河流生态环境的影响——以长江上游为例
作者	范继辉
学位类别	博士
答辩日期	2007
授予单位	中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所
授予地点	成都
导师	程根伟
关键词	水库群梯级开发调度模拟环境影响
学位专业	自然地理学
中文摘要	流域水电能源开发的生态环境影响一直是水文学与水资源领域的前沿和热点问题，而大型流域的水库群联合调度是流域水资源管理的关键问题，本文以长江上游为对象，开展了流域生态环境健康的水库群模拟调度研究；同时，长江上游水库群合理调度对于维护三峡水安全和保障三峡工程效益具有重要作用，本文也对长江上游水库群不同调度方式下三峡梯级水库的响应进行了研究，具有重要的实践应用价值。论文在掌握了大量国内外相关研究文献的基础上，对流域水库联合调度以及流域水电梯级开发的环境影响两方面的研究进展进行了较为系统和全面的综述；对长江上游梯级开发状况进行了全面的调查，掌握了该区域水库建设的现状与布局；将河网汇流模型与水库调度进行耦合建立了长江上游水库群联合调度模拟系统；利用该模型对长江上游水库群不同调度方式进行动态仿真模拟，分析了各种调度方式下三峡梯级水库的响应、河流径流变化情况等；并初步对流域水库群调度后的生态环境影响进行了分析，对调度对河流生态基流的影响进行了研究；最后对长江上游水电开发过程中存在的问题进行了讨论。概括起来，本论文的研究主要取得了以下成果：1、收集整理了相关的水库参数与水文站历史流量数据，并进行了分析调查了长江上游水电开发现状及已有的水电规划，收集了大型水库特征参数，对未来长江上游梯级水电工程的格局进行了分析；收集和整理长江上游主要水文控制站的历史流量数据，分析了径流变化趋势。2、建立了长江上游水库群联合调度模型利用长河段马斯京根分段连续演算法，采用“演-合-演”或“合-演-合”的方法，对长江上游河网进行汇流计算模拟，并用历史数据对其参数进行了率定，建立了河网汇流模型；根据各水库的设计目标和特征参数，拟合了各水库的库容曲线，提出了一种水库调度图的制定方法，建立了水库调度模型；将水库调度模型与河网汇流模型进行耦合，建立了长江上游水库群联合调度模型。3、利用模型对长江上游水库群不同调度方式进行动态仿真模拟利用模型对长江上游水库群不同组合、不同蓄水时间等调度方式进行了模拟仿真；分析了对径流过程和三峡水库蓄水发电的影响；结果表明上游水库群蓄水将减少三峡水库的年径流总量，汛后蓄水时间减少尤为明显，但却增加三峡枯季的入库流量，从而保证三峡总弃水量减少，高水头发电时间增加，有利于三峡蓄水发电；此外错开汛后上游水库群与三峡梯级的蓄水时间，也将有利于三峡水库效益的发挥。4、对三峡提前汛后蓄水时间进行了研究近年来三峡来沙量减少，为三峡提前汛后蓄水提供了可能；长江上游降雨量与径流量的降低，尤其是汛后，有必要提前三峡汛后蓄水时间；利用模型对改变三峡汛后提前蓄水时间进行了模拟，结果表明，提前三峡汛后蓄水时间可以更好的保证三峡蓄水到正常高水位，有利于发挥三峡梯级效益，同时又没有增加三峡防洪风险，因此提前三峡汛后蓄水时间是可行的。5、对水库群不同调度规则对河流生态基流的影响进行分析采用最枯月平均流量法对长江上游各河段的生态基流进行了计算，并利用模型对水库群不同调度规则进行了模拟，分析了对河流生态基流的影响，结果表明由于水库调蓄作用，增加了河流的枯季径流量，从而能更好的保证下游河道的生态基流。此外，本论文还对长江上游水电开发对河流生态系统的影响以及存在的问题进行了讨论。
英文摘要	The impact of basin hydropower development on eco-environment always is one of the front and hot topics in the hydrology and water resources domain and reservoir group union-operation in large-scale basin is the key problem to basin water resources management. This paper studies on the reservoir group operation simulation in upstream of Yangtze River, which is important to water security and safeguarding in Three Gorges area. in addition this paper also studies the response of the Three Gorges cascade reservoir under different reservoir group operating options in upper reaches of Yangtze River, which had important practice application value.On the basis of a research on substantial quantity of literatures worldly, the research progresses and developments on the impact of combined operating of reservoirs and hydropower cascade. Hydropower cascade development in the upstream of Yangtze River was comprehensive surveyed and the status and layout of reservoirs was grasped. Moreover the simulation system of reservoirs operating in the upstream of Yangtze River was established by coupling the confluence of river network model and reservoir operating. And then the different reservoirs operating modes were simulated by using this model. The response of Three Gorges cascade reservoirs to different reservoir operating modes and river runoff variations were analyzed. The impact of reservoir groups operating on ecological environment was analyzed and the ecological basic flow was studied. Finally, the problems of hydropower cascade development of upstream of Yangtze River were discussed. In general, the main achievements of this study were concluded as follows:1、The data of related reservoir parameter and hydrologic station historical flow were collected, reorganized, and analyzed. Hydropower development Status and hydropower planning of the upstream of Yangtze River were investigated and large reservoir parameters were collected; the pattern of cascade hydropower development in future was analyzed; Historical flow data of main hydrological station in the upstream of Yangtze River were collected, reorganized, and change trends of runoff were analyzed.2、Established the Yangtze River upstream reservoir group operating model Yangtze River upstream river routing of flow model was built. Routing was simulated by using Muskingum method and its successive routing in sub-reaches and adopted “routing-resultant-routing” or “resultant-routing-resultant” method. And the parameters were calibrated by using of historical data. The reservoir operating model was built according to objectives of reservoir design and parameters of upstream. reservoir storage capacity curve was modeled and a new method was used to establish reservoir operating graph. Coupling the reservoir operating model and river routing of flow model, then we can get the reservoir operating model Yangtze River upstream reservoir groups operating model.3、different reservoirs operating modes were simulated by using this modelDifferent operating modes such as reservoirs group combination and water store schemes were simulated by using this model; the impact of different operating modes on runoff progress and storing water & electricity generating of Three Gorges. The results showed that: since water storage of reservoirs upstream, the total runoff annual was reduced, especially after flood season, but the runoff on dry season was increased, which could ensure less abandoned water and more time of generate electricity at high water level. It is benefit to generation of Three Gorges. In addition, it is helpful for Three Gorges to stagger the scheme of Three Gorges and reservoirs upstream.4、Studied the effect on ahead the storing water scheme of Three Gorges after flood seasonIn recent years, the amount of sand-load decreased in Three Gorges reservoir which makes it possible to ahead of Three Gorges water storage scheme after flood season. The rainfall and runoff was reduced, especially after flood season, it is necessary to ahead of Three Gorges water storage scheme after flood season. Different storing water scheme of Three Gorges after the flood season was simulated, and the results showed: ahead of Three Gorges water storage scheme could ensure storing water to the regular high water level better and helpful to bring the benefit of Three Gorges Project. At the same time, it wouldn’t increase risk of the flood in Three Gorges. So, it is feasible to ahead of Three Gorges water storage scheme.5、Analyzed the effect of different reservoir group operating on river ecological flow The basic ecological runoff in different sections of Yangtze River upstream was calculated by using the Low- flow percentage of average annual runoff method and the effect of different upstream reservoir groups operating on the minimum ecological flow was simulated by this model. The results showed that the runoff of river was increasing in dry season because the stored and regulated function of reservoir, which could guarantee the minimum basic ecological flow better. In addition, this paper discussed the impact of hydropower developing on river ecosystem and the question in further progress in the upper reaches of Yangtze River.
语种	中文
学科主题	水文地质学 ; 生态学
公开日期	2010-10-21
分类号	TV6;TV7
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/2274]
专题	成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前）成都山地灾害与环境研究所_山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	范继辉. 梯级水库群调度模拟及其对河流生态环境的影响——以长江上游为例[D]. 成都. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所. 2007.