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题名	川北油橄榄引种果实含油率与环境因子的关系
作者	申旭红
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2008
授予单位	中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所
授予地点	成都
导师	朱万泽
关键词	油橄榄 含油率 气候因子 土壤因子 地形因子
学位专业	自然地理学
中文摘要	油橄榄（Olea europea L.）又名“齐墩树”，属木樨科木樨榄属的小乔木，是世界上著名的木本油料树种。四川省因其特有的地理环境成为我国少数几个适宜种植油橄榄的省份之一。本研究选择四川省北部油橄榄种植面积较大的广元市中区、青川县大圆包和左坝三个油橄榄园作为试验点，通过搜集当地的气象资料、分析油橄榄园中的土壤养分及油橄榄果实含油率等途径，采用方差分析、主成分分析、多元回归分析等数学方法研究川北地区油橄榄果实含油率与气候因子、土壤因子及地形因子之间的关系，得到以下结论： 1．日照强度、温度、降水和空气湿度等气候条件影响油橄榄果实的含油率。其中，微小的气候差异能够显著影响对环境反映敏感的油橄榄品种的含油率；但是对环境适应性较强的油橄榄品种的含油率受气候影响则不显著。温度、降水不是影响川北地区油橄榄果实含油率提高的限制因子；日照强度和空气湿度是影响川北地区油橄榄果实含油率提高的限制因子。 2．土壤中不同的养分对油橄榄果实的含油率产生不同的影响。其中，油橄榄果实含油率与土壤水分呈负相关关系；油橄榄果实含油率与土壤的酸碱度、土壤有机质和全钾含量呈正相关关系。土壤中全氮、全磷以及碱解氮对油橄榄果实含油率的影响机理还有待做进一步的研究。 3．海拔升高、水热条件及土壤养分改变，油橄榄果实含油率降低；在坡度较缓的山地适合种植油橄榄，油橄榄果实含油率较高，在坡度大于15°的地区种植油橄榄其果实含油率较低；种植于阳坡的油橄榄生长旺盛，果实含油率较高，阴坡种植的油橄榄果实含油率较低。 最后针对上述研究结果对川北地区今后种植油橄榄提出了选择优良的油橄榄品种、采取有效措施弥补气候条件的不足、改良土壤条件、选择有利地形等种植建议。
英文摘要	Olea europea L., also named “qi dun tree”, belonging to Olea of Oleaceae，is subtropical oil trees. Sichuan, due to its unique geographical environment, is one of the several provinces where Olea europea L. can be cultivated. In this paper, Shi Zhong district in Guangyuan city, Da Yuanbao and Zuoba in Qingchuan County are choosen as experimental sites, then the local meteorological materials were collected and the relationship between the soil nutrients and the oil-bearing rate of the Olea europea L. fruits was analyzed. The variance analysis principal components analysis and Multivariate Regression analysis were applied to study relationship between oil-bearing rate of the Olea europea L. fruits and the climate factors, soil factors as well as topographical factors. Several conclusions are as follows: 1. The climatic factors such as sunshine intensity, temperatures, precipitation as well as air humidity have influences on the oil-bearing rate of the Olea europea L. fruits. The trivial difference in climate can be of great influence on the oil-bearing rate of the fruits which are sensitive to the environment. However, the oil-bearing rate of the fruits of Olea europea L. which are of strong environment adaptability is not affected by the climate. The temperatures and precipitation are not limiting factors to the improvement of the oil-bearing rate of the Olea europea L. fruits in the northern part of Sichuan. In contrast, however, sunshine intensity and air humidity are limiting factors to the improvement of the oil-bearing rate of the Olea europea L. fruits in the northern part of Sichuan.2. The different nutrients in the soil have different impacts on the oil-bearing rate of the Olea europea L. fruits. The oil-bearing rate of the Olea europea L. fruits are negatively correlated with the water content of the soil while it is positively correlated with the soil PH and the content of organic matter and total K. The mechanism of the impact on oil-bearing rate of the Olea europea L. fruits by total N, total P and alkalytic N are left to further study.3. Due to the higher altitude and the change of hydrothermal condition and the soil nutrients, the oil-bearing rate of the Olea europea L. fruits decreases. The Olea europea L should be cultivated on the less steeper slope where it can have higher oil-bearing rate while a much lower oil-bearing rate on the slope which have a slope steeper than 15°. The oil-bearing rate of the Olea europea L. fruits is higher on the sunside slopes than those on the shady slopes. Finally, the suggestion of selecting better species, taking effective measures to overcome the disadvantages of the climate as well as improvement of soil condition and selecting advantageous topography are proposed.
语种	中文
学科主题	生态学
公开日期	2010-10-15
分类号	TE3;G81
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/2216]
专题	成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前）
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	申旭红. 川北油橄榄引种果实含油率与环境因子的关系[D]. 成都. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所. 2008.

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