| 题名 | 山地灾害对土地利用的敏感性分析——以小江流域为例 |
| 作者 | 谢贤健 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2008 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 成都 |
| 导师 | 韦方强 |
| 关键词 | 立地类型 土地利用 山地灾害 敏感性 土地利用规划 |
| 其他题名 | The Sensitivity of Mountain Hazards to land-use—A Case Study of Xiaojiang Ravine, Yunnan, China |
| 学位专业 | 自然地理学 |
| 中文摘要 | 小江流域内坡面稳定性差，滑坡和泥石流异常发育，流域内强烈的人类活动更进一步促进了滑坡、泥石流的发育和活动。本研究以小江流域为例，根据研究区自然环境特征，以遥感和GIS技术为工具，利用主成分分析方法，将小江流域 划分成不同的立地类型，定量研究小江流域不同立地类型上山地灾害对不同土地利用方式的敏感性（SCi），从而探寻合理的土地利用方式和植被配置，以最大限度地减少不合理的土地利用对山地灾害的影响，并为山地灾害生物工程防治规划和设计提供依据。通过该项研究，取得了以下结论和研究成果：（1）利用遥感解译与野外调查相结合的方法，查明了小江流域土地利用现状。耕地、林地、草地、水域、城乡工矿用地、裸地之间的面积比例为15.7：28.1：52.8：1.5：0.7：1.2，其中坡度≥25°的坡耕地90.92km2，裸地35.32 km2。不合理的土地利用布局在一定程度上加剧了山地灾害。（2）利用主成分分析方法，确立了坡向、海拔、坡度、岩性和土壤类型因子作为小江流域立地类型划分的主导因子，将小江流域划分为9个立地类型组和156种立地类型。平缓地立地类型组以外的其它立地类型组上，坡度≥15°的立地类型占59%以上；低海拔平缓地立地类型组以外的其它立地类型组上，27%左右的岩石岩性软弱。（3）以GIS为工具，利用山地灾害面积分析方法，分析了泥石流对不同立地类型上不同土地利用方式的敏感性。分析结果显示：当坡度在25°-35°时，除水田、密林地、灌木林地、中盖度草地，其它土地利用方式SCi＞0，容易导致泥石流灾害发生，当坡度≥35°时，除中盖度草地，其它土地利用方式SCi＞0，容易导致泥石流灾害发生；73.08%容易导致泥石流灾害发生的土地利用方式分布在岩性软弱的第3、4、5级岩组上；水田分布在水稻土和冲积土中时，旱地分布在红壤和石灰（岩)土、冲积土、棕壤中时，林地分布在红壤、燥红土、石灰（岩)土、冲积土中时，高盖度草地分布在燥红土和冲积土中时，中盖度草地分布在石灰（岩)土中时，低盖度草地分布在石灰（岩)土以外的土壤类型中时，SCi＞0，容易导致泥石流灾害。（4）以GIS为工具，利用山地灾害灾点分析方法，分析了滑坡对不同立地类型组中不同土地利用方式的敏感性。分析结果显示：高海拔立地类型组中的旱地、密林地、疏林地、中盖度的草地、未利用地和中海拔立地类型组中的旱地、工矿交通用地、未利用地、中盖度的草地以及低海拔立地类型组中的疏林地、高、中盖度草地、未利用地的敏感性值≥0.5，容易导致滑坡发生。（5）以前人研究为基础，将泥石流和滑坡对土地利用的敏感性值分别赋权重0.6和0.4，计算山地灾害综合敏感性，分析结果显示：小江流域内21.82％SCi＞0的区域与不合理的土地利用方式相关，其中1.66%的区域由密林地、灌木林地、高盖度草地导致产生，20.16%的区域由其它土地利用方式导致产生。（6）以山地灾害敏感性分区为基础，对小江流域进行土地利用规划，规划后的土地利用方式以草地为主，其次是林地，再次是耕地，分别占流域总面积的58.30%、28.18%、10.93%。以蒋家沟流域山地灾害对不同土地利用方式的敏感性分区为基础，结合流域环境特征，对不同的土地利用方式进行细化，选择了合理的土地覆盖类型及植被覆盖方式，完成了泥石流生物工程治理规划。本文的主要创新点包括：（1）从研究区区域环境特征出发，利用主成分分析方法划分出明显反映水热条件差异的不同立地类型（组），并定量分析山地灾害对不同立地类型（组）上不同土地利用方式的敏感性，探讨不同土地利用方式对山地灾害的影响。（2）以山地灾害对不同立地类型（组）上不同土地利用方式的敏感性为基础，探寻山地灾害多发区域合理的土地利用方式和植被配置，为山地灾害的生物工程治理规划和设计提供依据。 |
| 英文摘要 | Due to complex natural conditions, landslide hazards in Xiaojiang Ravine develop very much. On the other hand, intense human activities cause the high land-use rate, which further results in the development and activity of debris flow. In this paper, the influences of lands-use types on mountain hazards were estimated by analyzing the sensitivities of mountain hazards to different land-use types in different site types under the support of GIS and RS. According to the estimated result, rational land use patterns and vegetation structures are built up in order to minimize the impact of unreasonable land-use types on mountain hazards as well as be applied to provide the scientific theoretic bases for mountain hazards bioengineering controlling. By the study, following conclusions were built up:(1) By the remote sensing and the field survey, the area of different land-use types in different site-type groups in Xiaojiang Ravine is identified. The area ratio among cultivated land, forest land, grassland, waters, urban, mine and rural residential land and the unused land is 15.7:28.1:52.8:1.5:0.7:1.2. Area of cultivated land with slope larger than 25° is 90.92km2, area of the bare land is 35.32 km2. Unreasonable characteristics of land-use structure further result in the development and activity of mountain hazards.(2) Using the principal component analysis， the slope, elevation, slope, soil type and lithology are established to be as dominant factors to classify site type. The results show that the slope of 59% site type in each site type group (in addition to the flat site-type groups)is larger than 15 °and about 27% of the rock is soft lithology(in addition to the low-altitude flat site-type group ). (3) By the GIS and using the method of mountain area-hazard analysis, the sensitivity of debris flow to land-use types is analyzed under the different site types. The results show that when the slope is from 25 °-35°, the sensitive value of debris flow to paddy fields, Large-forest land, shrub land and middle-cover grassland is less than 0, the sensitive value of debris flow to other land-use types is larger than 0; when the slope ≥35°, the sensitive value of debris flow to middle-cover grassland is less than 0, the sensitive value of debris flow to other land-use types is larger than 0; those 73.08% of land-use types easily resulting in debris flows hazards distribute in weak lithology groups such as no.3, 4, 5 lithology groups; due to distribution in the different siol types, the same land-use type has different sensitivity; the sensitive value of debris flow is larger than 0 to following land-use types: paddy fields in paddy soil and alluvium siol; the dry land in red soil, limestone soil, alluvium siol and brown soil; the forest land in red soil, dry-red soil, limestone soil and alluvium siol; the high-cover grassland in dry-red soil and alluvium siol; the middle-cover grassland in Limestone soil; the low-cover grassland besides limestone soil.(4) By the GIS and using the method of mountain point-hazard analysis, the sensitivity of landslide to land-use types is analyzed under the different site-type groups. The results show the sensitive value of landslide is larger than or equal to 0.5 to following land-use types: dry land, large-forest land, sparse woodland, middle-cover grassland and bare land in site-type groups with elevation larger than 2 500 m; dry land, mine, road, and railway construction land and bare land and middle-cover grassland in site-type groups with elevation from 1 800 m to 2 500 m; sparse woodland, high-cover grassland, low-cover grassland and bare land in site-type groups with elevtion less than 1 800 m. (5) Based on the previous research, the comprehensive sensitivity of mountain hazards is calculated, the results show that the same land-use type has different sensitivity due to its distribution in the different site types. Based on the sensitivity zoning of mountain hazards to land-use types, 21.82% of the ravine area which sensitive value is lager than 0 is relative to unreasonable land-use types. Large-forest land, shrub land and high-cover grassland account for 1.66% ravine area with the sensitive value > 0, and 20.16% do the other land-use types. (6) According to the sensitivity zoning, after land-use planning, the grassland is the main type of Xiaojiang Ravine land-use structure, follows by the forest land, the cultivated land again with respective shares of the total area of ravine 58.30%, 28.18% and 10.93%. Based on the sensitivity zoning of mountain hazards to land uses and environmental characteristics in Jiangjia Ravive, reasonable choices of land cover types and vegetation covers are selected, debris flow hazards bioengineering controlling is achieved.The innovation of this article mainly includes:(1) According to the ravine own regional characteristics, the site types with distinctive characteristics are classified by the principal component analysis. Then the influences of lands-use types on landslide and debris flow hanzards are estimated by analyzing quantitatively sensitivities of mountain hazards to different land-use types in different site type.(2) By analyzing the relationship between land-use types and mountain hazards under the condition of different site-types, the rational land use and the vegetation distribution where mountain hazards often break out are explored. The results provide the scientific theoretic bases and feasible scheme for mountain hazards bioengineering controlling. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-10-14 |
| 分类号 | F32;F30 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/2200]  |
| 专题 | 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 谢贤健. 山地灾害对土地利用的敏感性分析——以小江流域为例[D]. 成都. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所. 2008. |
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