Hemitrapa is an extinct genus in the subfamily Trapoideae with rich fossil records in Eurasia and North America. However, the diversification history of Hemitrapa is poorly known in southern China. Here, we describe a new species of the subfamily Trapoideae (Lythraceae), Hemitrapa zhangpuensis n. sp., based on well-preserved fossil fruits from the middle Miocene Zhangpu flora of Fujian, southern China. The new fossils contribute to understanding the history of plant diversity in southern China and the ontogeny of the fruit. In addition, this finding represents the southernmost fossil record of the genus worldwide, which greatly expands the spatial distribution and ecological habitat of Hemitrapa during the middle Miocene. (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. and Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS. All rights reserved.