Manufacturing in the Eye of the Storm: Shen Hong and the Nine Great Installations Project During China's Cultural Revolution

doi:10.1016/j.endeavour.2017.06.010

	Manufacturing in the Eye of the Storm: Shen Hong and the Nine Great Installations Project During China's Cultural Revolution
	Sun, Lie 2; Hu, Danian 1
刊名	ENDEAVOUR
	2017-09-01
卷号	41 期号:3 页码:116-126
关键词	Nine Great Installations (Ngi) Defense Industry Heavy Industry Shen Hong Soviet Technology China's Industrialization Cultural Revolution Chinese Imitation Machine Building
ISSN号	0160-9327
DOI	10.1016/j.endeavour.2017.06.010
文献子类	Article
英文摘要	The construction of nine high-end technical installations (hereafter Project NGI, for Nine Great Installations or) in the 1960s and 1970s was an indispensable part of the development of China's defense and heavy industries. The project put more than 1400 machines into operation or trial operation during the Culture Revolution (1966-1976), and they served essential technical functions in sectors such as aviation, aerospace, machinery, metallurgy, and electronics, and directly advancing the development of these fields. It took more than a decade for Project NGI to go from planning to completion- a surprisingly uninterrupted and steady development while China fell into unprecedented turmoil. One important reason for Project NGI's success was the vital leadership of Shen Hong (, 1906-1998), the technical director of the project and a high-ranking official. Supported by state leaders such as Zhou Enlai and Nie Rongzhen, Shen and his colleagues adopted a suitable roadmap for technological development, coordinated the best-performing manufacturing forces in the country, and successfully manufactured the NGI machines. Project NGI is significant for the history of Chinese science, technology, and medicine during the Cultural Revolution not because it was technologically original, but because it represents an extraordinary case, in which the project's technological development seemed to be largely exempted from the interference of the turbulent Cultural Revolution. The project's national defense orientation, its pragmatism, and the contemporary dogma of self-reliance (), in addition to Shen Hong's political maneuvering, all contributed to the creation of a relatively calm and favorable environment around Project NGI. Despite the widespread turmoil in the country, Shen managed to as-semble a stable and continuously productive team, which executed experiments, absorbed previously introduced Soviet technologies, stayed informed about advanced European and American technologies, and ultimately accomplished the construction of the NGI machines.
WOS研究方向	History & Philosophy of Science ; Science & Technology - Other Topics
语种	英语
出版者	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
WOS记录号	WOS:000413677100007
资助机构	"Significant Breakthrough Project" of the Institute for the History of Natural Sciences (IHNS), Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y62102) ; Department of the History of Modern Science and Technology of IHNS ; Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey ; Simon H. Rifkind Center for the Humanities at CCNY
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.ihns.ac.cn/handle/311051/7426]
专题	中国科学院自然科学史研究所
通讯作者	Hu, Danian
作者单位	1.CUNY City Coll, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hist Nat Sci, Zhongguancun East Rd 55, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Sun, Lie,Hu, Danian. Manufacturing in the Eye of the Storm: Shen Hong and the Nine Great Installations Project During China's Cultural Revolution[J]. ENDEAVOUR,2017,41(3):116-126.
APA	Sun, Lie,&Hu, Danian.(2017).Manufacturing in the Eye of the Storm: Shen Hong and the Nine Great Installations Project During China's Cultural Revolution.ENDEAVOUR,41(3),116-126.
MLA	Sun, Lie,et al."Manufacturing in the Eye of the Storm: Shen Hong and the Nine Great Installations Project During China's Cultural Revolution".ENDEAVOUR 41.3(2017):116-126.