| 题名 | 心理灵活性预测大学生心理健康的纵向研究 |
| 作者 | 杨潇 |
| 答辩日期 | 2021-01 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 祝卓宏 |
| 关键词 | 大学生 健康人格 心理灵活性 心理症状 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士（同等学力硕士） |
| 其他题名 | Longitudinal Study on Prediction of College Students' Mental Health by Psychological Flexibility |
| 学位专业 | 健康心理学 |
| 中文摘要 | Objective: To explore the relationship between psychological flexibility, mental health and psychological symptoms through a longitudinal study, with an analysis on the predictive role of psychological flexibility in college students' psychological health. Methods: By means of cluster sampling, 331 subjects were selected from those college students who self-reported psychological symptoms and had ≤ 22 questions not answered and ≤ 10 inconsistent answers in MMPI-399 scale when taking general psychological tests in a university. Then those subjects were tested with the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-Ⅱ), Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ-F), Minnesota Multipurpose Personality Inventory (MMPI), Symptom Checklist - 90 (SCL-90), Self-Rating Depression Scale and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, and they were tracked for one years under natural conditions. The psychological general test data obtained twice was taken to descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, one-way ANOVA, T-test, multiple regression analysis, intermediate effect test and construction of generalized estimating equations. The results of the study are as follows:Firstly, the scores of college students' psychological symptoms were higher than the national norm. Different genders of college students showed differences in psychological symptoms and psychological flexibility (p<0.05). In terms of personality health, there were differences except Q (question), Si (social introversion), Hy (Hysteria) and Pd (psychopathic deviate) in MMPI-399 scale (p<0.05). Different grades of college students had significant differences in psychological flexibility (p<0.05). In terms of personality health, there was no significant difference in factors other than Pa (paranoia), Pt (psychasthenia), Sc (schizophrenia) and Ma (hypomania) (p<0.05), and="" no="" difference="" in="" psychological="" symptoms="" p="">0.05). The above differences were not significant among college students of different ages (P>0.05). After controlling for gender and grade factors, CFQ-F and AAQ-II were correlated with psychological symptoms (r = 0.218 - 0.619, p<0.001). The total score of psychological symptoms measured at one year later were taken as dependent variables to conduct hierarchical regression analysis, which showed that CFQ-F and AAQ-II had good predictive effects on psychological symptoms. Apart from Q(question),L (lie),K(defensiveness),Ma (hypomania) scale and MF (masculinity/femininity) scale, there was a significant partial correlation between personality health and psychological symptoms (r = -0.472 - 0.647, p<0.05). Through stepwise regression method, it turned out that factors such as K (defensiveness), Pt (psychasthenia), F (frequency), Hs (hypochondriasis), D (depression) and Sc (schizophrenia) in MMPI-399 scale had certain predictive effects on psychological symptoms. A regression analysis was made on the total score of scales related to psychological flexibility, psychological symptoms and personality health as well as SCL-90 at an interval of one year. After comparison, it was found that the psychological flexibility could provide better prediction.Secondly, after controlling for gender and grade factors, there was a partial correlation between psychological flexibility and personality health of college students with an exception on Q scale and MF scale (r = -0.458 - 0.592, p<0.001), and such correlation was more comprehensive compared to the psychological symptom scale. The mediating effect test found that cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance played some mediating role between psychological symptoms and personality health.Finally, it was found by constructing generalized estimating equations that, the difference in psychological flexibility during the first measurement would significantly affect the difference in the sores of psychological symptoms and personality health one year later. The correlation analysis of the difference measured in the one years showed that, except the Q scale and MF scale, the change of mental flexibility was significantly correlated with the change of personality health and mental symptoms (r = -0.316 - 0.441, p<0.05).The study leads to the following conclusions:As can be seen from the one years of longitudinal research, it is necessary to further strengthen psychological health education among college students. There is a significant correlation between psychological flexibility and psychological symptoms. Psychological flexibility can better predict the severity of psychological symptoms than relevant scales of psychological symptoms and personality health, and the improvement of psychological flexibility can effectively alleviate psychological symptoms.Psychological flexibility is significantly correlated with personality health, and such correlation is more comprehensive compared with the psychological symptom scale. Psychological flexibility has a good predictive effect on personality health. The higher the former, the higher the degree of the latter. Psychological flexibility plays a significant part in mediating between personality health and psychological symptoms, that is, the influence of personality factors on psychological symptoms is partly realized through cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance.Under natural conditions, the psychological flexibility of college students can be improved to a certain extent. Along with such improvement, psychological symptoms can be significantly relieved, which leads to a much higher degree of personality health. It has certain practical value for cultivating a kind of rational, peaceful, healthy and aspiring social mentality. |
| 英文摘要 | 目的：通过纵向研究，探索心理灵活性、人格健康、心理症状三者之间的关系，分析心理灵活性在大学生心理健康中的预测作用。方法：通过整群抽样，以MMPI-399量表中无法回答的题目不超过22道、前后不一致的题目不超过10道且自述有心理症状的学生为对象，从某高校大学生心理普测中抽取了331名被试，采用接纳与行动问卷（AAQ-II）、认知融合问卷（CFQ-F）、明尼苏达多项人格测验、90项症状清单、抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表进行测试，自然状态跟踪一年，对被试对象的两次心理健康普测数据，运用描述统计、Pearson相关分析、单因素方差分析、t检验、多元回归分析、中介效应检验、构建广义估计方程等方法，得到以下研究结果：首先，此次大学生群体的心理症状相关量表得分部分高于全国常模；性别不同的大学生，在心理症状、心理灵活性方面差异显著（p＜0.05），除疑病、社会内向、癔病、精神病态外的其他人格健康方面差异显著（p＜0.05）；不同年级的大学生，在心理灵活性方面差异显著（p＜0.05），在人格健康方面仅妄想狂、精神衰弱、精神分裂、轻躁狂差异显著（p＜0.05）；心理症状方面差异不显著（p＞0.05）；不同年龄的大学生上述差异均不显著（p＞0.05）。在控制了性别和年级因素后，CFQ-F、AAQ-II与心理症状相关（r=0.218～0.619，p＜0.001）；以间隔1年后测得的心理症状总分为因变量，进行层次回归分析，可见CFQ-F、AAQ-II对心理症状有很好的预测作用。除疑问、谎言、防御、轻躁狂、男性化-女性化量表外，人格健康与心理症状的偏相关显著（r=-0.472～0.647，p＜ 0.05），通过逐步回归方法，分析出MMPI-399量表中防御、精神衰弱、伪装、疑病、抑郁、精神分裂症因子对心理症状具有一定的预测作用。将心理灵活性、心理症状、人格健康相关量表与间隔1年SCL-90总分进行回归分析，对比后发现，心理灵活性预测能力更优。其次，控制了性别和年级因素后，除疑问、男性化-女性化量表外，大学生心理灵活性与人格健康之间偏相关显著（r = -0.458～0.592，p＜0.001），相较于心理症状量表，相关性更全面；中介效应检验发现，认知融合、经验性回避在人格健康和心理症状之间，有着部分中介作用。最后，通过构建广义估计方程发现，首次测量时心理灵活性的不同，会显著影响间隔1年后心理症状、人格健康得分的不同；将测得的差值进行相关分析表明，除疑问、男性化-女性化量表外，心理灵活性的变化量与人格健康、心理症状之间的差异量，均为显著相关（r = -0.316～0.441，p＜0.05）。研究可以得出以下结论：经过一年的纵向研究，在大学生群里中，心理健康教育有进一步加强的必要性；心理灵活性与心理症状之间具有显著的相关性，心理灵活性能很好的预测心理症状的严重程度，预测能力要优于心理症状和人格健康相关量表，心理灵活性的提高，心理症状能有效的减轻。心理灵活性与人格健康具有显著的相关性，相较与心理症状量表，相关性更全面。心理灵活性对于人格健康具有很好的预测作用，心理灵活性越高，人格健康程度越高；在人格健康和心理症状之间，心理灵活性有着部分中介作用，即人格因素对于心理症状的影响，部分通过认知融合、经验性回避来实现。自然状态下，大学生群体的心理灵活性可以得到一定的提升的；随着心理灵活性的提升，心理症状可以得到明显缓解，人格健康程度显著提升，这对于培养理性平和，健康向上的社会心态，具有一定的应用价值。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/41553]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_社会与工程心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 杨潇. 心理灵活性预测大学生心理健康的纵向研究[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院心理研究所. 2021. |
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