| 题名 | 有氧运动和视频游戏的联合训练对老年人额叶功能的影响 |
| 作者 | 贵文君 |
| 答辩日期 | 2021-12 |
| 文献子类 | 博士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 李娟 |
| 关键词 | 能力适应模型 额叶老化假说 有氧运动 视频游戏 联合训练 额叶功能 |
| 学位名称 | 理学博士 |
| 其他题名 | Effects of Combined Aerobic Exercise and Video Game Training on Frontal Lobe Functions in Older Adults |
| 学位专业 | 发展与教育心理学 |
| 中文摘要 | Exercise and cognitive training are effective approaches to delay cognitive decline in older adults. The effects of combined exercise and cognitive training on cognition in older adults have received growing attention in recent years. The "adaptive capacity model" suggests that a hunter-gatherer lifestyle of ancestors required the coordination of the body and brain, and the frontal lobe plays a critical role in dealing with the dual task. With aging, the structure and function of the frontal lobe decline significantly, and the frontal一dependent cognitive function will be seriously damaged due to the aging of the frontal lobe. Therefore, from the perspective of evolutionary neuroscience, it is necessary to carry out exercise and cognitive training simultaneously to combat the decline of frontal lobe functions with aging. Currently, a few studies have examined the effects of combined exercise and cognitive training on frontal lobe functions in older adults, however, inconsistent results are reported. First, most of the studies reported negative effects mainly adopted the sequential combined training model (exercise and cognitive training are carried out separately), which directly contradicted the theory of "adaptive capacity model". As for the simultaneous combined training researches, the exergame training is usually lacking of difficulty and intensity to induce the change of frontal lobe functions. Dual-task training ensures the difficulty and intensity somehow, but none of the existing studies directly compare the behavioral and neural effects of combined training with single training. In this study, the simultaneous combined training of aerobic cycling and video games was carried out under the condition of maintaining moderate intensity exercise level and cognitive complexity. The recruited healthy elderly living in the community were divided into aerobic exercise group (n=22), video game group (n=23), combined training group (n=22) and control group (n=21).All participants in the training group received 32 sessions of 60 minutes twice a week for 4 months, while the control group kept their lifestyle the same. In this study, the effects of combined training on enhancing frontal lobe functions, especially when compared with single training approach, were comprehensively investigated from the behavioral and neural basis by analyzing the neuropsychological and magnetic resonance data at pre- and post-test. Study 1 investigated the effects of combined training on frontal-dependent cognitive function in older adults. The results showed that frontal-dependent cognitive function was only significantly increased in the combined training group (p=0.03). It remained unchanged in the aerobic training group and video game training group (all p<0.05), whereas significantly decreased in the control group (p=0.01). Study 2 investigated the effect of combined training on the plasticity of frontal lobe structure in older adults. The results showed that combined training had limited effect on increasing the thickness of the frontal gray matter cortex (all p<0.05). However, as for white matter, a significant group-by-time interaction was found on mean diffusion of the right corticospinal tract after rigorous adjustment for multiple comparisons (p=0.001).The post-hoc test indicated that the mean diffusion was significantly decreased in the combined training group p=0.002). Similarly, for axial diffusion, a group x time interaction was also found on the right corticospinal tract p=0.001)，manifested as significant increased axial diffusion in the single aerobic exercise group and single video game group (all p<0.05). In addition, at the individual level, the current study also found that the decrease of axial diffusion of sagittal stratum in the combined training group and aerobic exercise group was significantly correlated with the improvement of frontal-dependent cognitive function. Study 3 investigated the effect of combined training on the functional connectivity of core brain network that associated with frontal lobe. The results suggested that only combined training significantly improved functional connectivity between bilateral frontal-parietal networks切=0.039). However, at the individual level, the change of frontal-parietal network functional connectivity was not significantly with the change of frontal-dependent cognitive function. The results collectively show that only the combined training of aerobic exercise and video game can significantly improve the frontal lobe functions in older adults, and the combined training effect is mainly reflected on the changes of white matter integrity and frontal-parietal network functional connectivity. In the future, simultaneous combined training targeting at the frontal lobe may be an effective way to enhance the plasticity of the frontal lobe, improve the frontal-dependent cognitive function in older adults, and even delay the progression of dementia. |
| 英文摘要 | 运动和认知训练是延缓老年期认知衰退的有效手段。近年来，运动与认知的联合训练对老年人认知功能的影响受到了越来越多的关注。“能力适应模型”提出，古人类狩猎和采集的生活方式需要身体和大脑的协同参与，额叶在这个双任务加工过程中起着至关重要的调控作用。进入老年期，额叶的结构和功能显著下降，受额叶老化的影响，额叶依赖性认知功能也会受到严重损伤。因此，从进化神经科学的角度而言，要对抗额叶功能随增龄的衰退，运动的同时还必须接受认知训练。当前，少许研究考察了运动和认知的联合训练对老年人额叶功能的影响，但研究结果并不一致。首先，大部分报告阴性结果的研究主要采用了继时性联合训练模式(运动和认知训练分开实施)，这与“能力适应模型”理论直接相悖; 在同时性联合训练研究中，exergame训练通常存在难度和强度较低而不足以诱发额叶功能改变的问题;而dual-task训练虽然在一定程度上保证了方案的难度和强度，但现有研究均未直接比较联合训练和单一训练的在行为层面和神经层面的效果差异。 本研究在保证运动强度和认知训练难度的情况下开展有氧单车与视频游戏的同时性联合训练。将在社区招募到的健康老年人分入有氧运动组(n=22)、视频游戏组(n=23)、联合训练组(n=22)及控制组(n=21)。训练组所有参与者在4个月的时间里以每周2次，每次60分钟的频率接受了32次训练，控制组保持原有生活方式不变。本研究通过对前后测神经心理学测验数据以及磁共振数据的分析，从行为到神经基础较为全面地考察了联合训练对于增强老年人额叶功能的效果，尤其关注联合训练与单一训练的效果差异。 研究一考察了联合训练对老年人额叶依赖性认知功能的影响。结果显示，额叶依赖性认知功能在联合训练组显著提高勿= 0.03)，在单一有氧运动和单一视频游戏训练组维持不变(all p>0.05)，在控制组显著下降勿= 0.01)。研究二考察了联合训练对老年人额叶结构可塑性的影响。结果显示，联合训练对于额叶灰质皮层厚度的提升有限(all p>0.05)。但关于白质的结果显示，经过严格的多重比较校正后，右侧皮质脊髓束的平均弥散率指标上存在显著的组别X时间的交互作用(p=o.ool>。事后检验提示联合训练组的平均弥散率显著降低(p = 0.002)。类似地，在右侧皮质脊髓束的轴向弥散率指标上也存在显著的组别X时间的交互作用勿= 0.001)，主要表现为单一运动和单一视频游戏组的轴向弥散率显著增加(all p <0.05 )。除此之外，在个体水平上，本研究还发现联合训练组以及有氧运动组老年人矢状层轴向弥散率的下降与额叶依赖性认知功能的提升显著相关。研究三考察联合训练对额叶核心脑网络功能连接的影响。结果提示，只有联合训练显著提升了双侧额顶网络之间的功能连接勿= 0.039)。但是，在个体水平上，额顶网络功能连接的变化与额叶依赖性认知功能的变化没有显著的相关关系。 以上研究结果较为汇聚性地表明，有氧运动和视频游戏的同时性联合训练能够显著提升老年人的额叶功能。联合训练的效应主要体现在额叶相关的白质完整性以及额顶网络功能连接的改变上。未来针对额叶功能的下降开展同时性联合训练或许是增强老年人大脑可塑性，提升其行为表现，甚至延缓痴呆发病进程的有效途径。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/41338]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 贵文君. 有氧运动和视频游戏的联合训练对老年人额叶功能的影响[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院心理研究所. 2021. |
| 个性服务 |
| 查看访问统计 |
| 相关权益政策 |
| 暂无数据 |
| 收藏/分享 |
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
修改评论