Comparative Flower and Inflorescence Organogenesis among Genera of Betulaceae: Implications for Phylogenetic Relationships

doi:10.1007/s12229-017-9195-0

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	Comparative Flower and Inflorescence Organogenesis among Genera of Betulaceae: Implications for Phylogenetic Relationships
	Zhu, Junyi ; Zhang, Lifan ; Ren, Baoqing 3; Chen, Min 2; Li, Ruiqi 2; Zhou, You ; Liang, Yu ; Li, Jianhua 1; Chen, Zhiduan 2
刊名	BOTANICAL REVIEW
	2018
卷号	84 期号:1 页码:79-98
关键词	Betulaceae Flower Cyme Inflorescence Organogenesis Primordia Secondary bract Tertiary bract Tepals SEM Phylogeny
ISSN号	0006-8101
DOI	10.1007/s12229-017-9195-0
文献子类	Article
英文摘要	Betulaceae have simple flowers but complex inflorescences. Recent phylogenetic analyses using molecular data have produced robust phylogenetic trees of Betulaceae. In this study, we evaluated the phylogenetic value of comparative organogenetic data of reproductive organs in the context of molecular phylogenies. Flower and inflorescence developmental processes of 21 species from all six genera in Betulaceae were documented with scanning electron microscopy. In each pistillate cyme, there are one primary bract, two secondary bracts, and two or three flowers in the six genera; only in Alnus are there two tertiary bracts on the abaxial side. The pistillate flower of all genera but Alnus has tepal primordia. Two tepals stop developing early on, resulting in the lack of tepals in mature flowers of Betula; while the tepals are initiated from a common circular primordium at the base of pistil in Corylus, Ostryopsis, Carpinus, and Ostrya, and the developed tepals with irregular shape and unstable number of lobes are adnate to the top of the pistil. In staminate organogenesis, each cyme has one primary bract and three flowers in all genera; two secondary bracts are only present in Alnus, Betula, and Corylus. Staminate flowers have no tepals except in Alnus and Betula, and exhibit high variation in number of stamens among genera. The number of secondary and tertiary bracts in each pistillate and staminate cyme, as well as the presence of tepals in pistillate and staminate flowers was clarified in all genera. Micro-morphological characters were used to infer the phylogenetic relationships of genera and sections of Betulaceae. Our analyses support the division of two subfamilies: Betuloideae (Alnus and Betula) and Coryloideae (Corylus, Carpinus, Ostrya, and Ostryopsis), and three tribes: Betuleae (Alnus and Betula), Coryleae (Corylus), and Carpineae (Carpinus, Ostrya, and Ostryopsis). The results agree with those from molecular phylogenetic studies, and suggest that micro-morphological characters are phylogenetically informative in Betulaceae, and reproductive organs of Betulaceae have evolved in the direction of reduction in bracts and tepals.
学科主题	Plant Sciences
电子版国际标准刊号	1874-9372
出版地	NEW YORK
WOS关键词	PALAEOCARPINUS BETULACEAE ; SEQUENCES ; HAMAMELIDAE ; ANGIOSPERMS ; CARPINUS ; PLANTS ; CLASSIFICATION ; CHLOROPLAST ; SYSTEMATICS ; CONGRUENCE
语种	英语
出版者	SPRINGER
WOS记录号	WOS:000428261600004
资助机构	National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [NNSF 31170180, NNSF 31270268] ; CAS International Research & Education Development Program [SAJC201315] ; MOST Science and Technology Basic Work [2013FY112100]
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.ibcas.ac.cn/handle/2S10CLM1/20443]
专题	系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing 10093, Peoples R China 2.Taiyuan Taishan Bot Garden, Construct & Preparat Off, Taiyuan 030025, Peoples R China 3.Tonghua Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Tonghua 134002, Peoples R China 4.Hope Coll, Dept Biol, Holland, MI 49423 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Zhu, Junyi,Zhang, Lifan,Ren, Baoqing,et al. Comparative Flower and Inflorescence Organogenesis among Genera of Betulaceae: Implications for Phylogenetic Relationships[J]. BOTANICAL REVIEW,2018,84(1):79-98.
APA	Zhu, Junyi.,Zhang, Lifan.,Ren, Baoqing.,Chen, Min.,Li, Ruiqi.,...&Chen, Zhiduan.(2018).Comparative Flower and Inflorescence Organogenesis among Genera of Betulaceae: Implications for Phylogenetic Relationships.BOTANICAL REVIEW,84(1),79-98.
MLA	Zhu, Junyi,et al."Comparative Flower and Inflorescence Organogenesis among Genera of Betulaceae: Implications for Phylogenetic Relationships".BOTANICAL REVIEW 84.1(2018):79-98.