The invention relates to a dynamic multistage anoxic / aerobic sewage treatment method. The method comprises steps of: installing an aeration apparatus at bottom of an aeration tank establishing a dynamic multistage anoxic / aerobic sewage treatment process model determining an oxygen supply energy consumption performance function and constrained conditions of the dynamic multistage anoxic / aerobic sewage treatment process dynamically determining two technological parameters of area distribution for anoxic zone and aerobic zone, and an operation period of the dynamic multistage anoxic / aerobic process, based on the above dynamic multistage anoxic / aerobic sewage treatment process model and the oxygen supply energy consumption performance function and forming a configuration containing a plurality of anoxic zones and aerobic zones in the aeration tank by adjusting aeration rate of the aeration apparatus. The method of the invention can raise ammonia nitrogen removal capability in the sewage treatment process and reduce energy consumption of the sewage treatment process on the premise of guaranteeing stable and standard reached water outlet.