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题名	微生物燃料电池在有机废水处理中的应用
作者	唐新华
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2011-05-23
授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
导师	李浩然
关键词	微生物燃料电池 废水处理 阳极电子传递 电化学氧化 电池组
其他题名	Power Generation from Organic Wastewater by Microbial Fuel Cells
学位专业	生物化工
中文摘要	微生物燃料电池以微生物为催化剂，降解废水中的有机物，实现有机废水到电能的一步转化。本论文以增大电池功率密度、降低成本和提高废水处理能力为目的，研究了微生物燃料电池的阳极电子传递机理和电极处理对产电的影响、构建和优化了无膜空气阴极微生物燃料电池和电池组、考察了电池和电池组在有机废水处理中的应用及产电能力。荧光胺标记的电子介体1-羟基-4-氨基蒽醌作为示踪分子，研究了阳极微生物的电子传递机理。标记后的电子介体增大了微生物燃料电池的输出电压，并且能够进入微生物细胞而使细胞内部充满荧光。这一发现首次证实了电子介体能够跨过细胞膜而被还原，说明电子介体能够穿梭于细胞内部和电极表面之间，加速电子从微生物到电极的传递。电化学氧化法处理阳极石墨毡，研究电极修饰对电极活性和电池产电的影响。电化学处理后，生物膜在石墨毡电极上的电化学活性显著提高。处理后的电极可将微生物燃料电池的启动时间从170小时减少到70小时，最大输出电压从420 mV提高到560 mV，最大功率密度从967±40 mW/m2增加到1630±50 mW/m2，库仑效率达到从38.4%增大到57.1%。构建了无膜空气阴极微生物燃料电池，对电池的阳极石墨毡数量和阴阳极距离进行优化，发现4块阳极石墨毡和2 cm的阴阳极距离是该电池产电的最佳结构。当电池处理醋酸钠废水时，最大功率密度达到7.6 W/m3， COD去除率为83.6±3.1%，库仑效率为31.8±2.3%。当处理鸡粪废水时，电池的最大功率密度为6.9 W/m3， COD去除率达到88.3±2.8%，库仑效率为20.4±2.6%。将25个无膜空气阴极微生物燃料电池串联，组成微生物燃料电池组。电池组的开路电压与内阻分别相当于各个单电池的开路电压与内阻之和。处理鸡粪废水时，电池组的最大输出功率为12.8 mW，相当于把所有单电池的输出功率相叠加。电池组的废水COD去除率为64.1±13%，库仑效率为16.2±3.5%。这说明微生物燃料电池组既能提高输出功率，又能大大提高有机废水的处理能力。
英文摘要	Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) produce electricity from the degradation of organic matter by microorganism. The ability to convert waste to energy in one step makes MFCs a promising technology for wastewater treatment. In this paper, in order to enhance power density, reduce construction and operation cost as well as to improve the performance for wastewater treatment，anodic electron transfer mechanism and the effect of electrode treatment on electricity generation were studied, membrane-less air cathode MFCs and stacked MFCs were constructed and optimized, organic wastewater treatment and power generation by membrane-less air cathode MFCs and stacked MFCs were investigated. 1-hydroxy-4-aminoanthraquinone, a redox mediator, was labeled by fluorescamine as a tracer for anodic electron shuttle mechanism study. The addition of the tracers into MFCs increased cell voltage from 170 mV to 290 mV, suggesting that the mediator served as an electron transfer shuttle and facilitated electron transfer from bacteria to anodes. Fluorescence imaging of bacteria indicated that the tracers were present in microbial cells. These results demonstrated for the first time that electron transfer mediator shuttled across the membranes and was reduced within cytoplasm. Electrochemical treatment of graphite felts was carried out for electrode modification. Cyclic voltammograms of bacteria on treated and untreated anodes showed that electrochemical activity of the former was much higher than the latter. MFCs with electrochemically treated anodes shortened start-up time from 170 h to 70 h, increased voltage from 420 mV to 560 mV, maximum power density from 967±40 mW/m2 to 1630±50 mW/m2，and Columbic efficiency from 38.4% to 57.1%. Membrane-less air cathode MFCs were constructed; the influence of quantity of graphite felt anodes and electrode spacing on power generation were studied. The tests indicated that four graphite felts and an electrode spacing of 2 cm were the optimum parameters for power production. When the MFCs were fed by sodium acetate, the maximum power density reached 7.6 W/m3, COD removal rate was 83.6±3.1% and Columbic efficiency was 31.8±2.3%. When the MFCs were used for poultry wastewater treatment, the maximum power density was 6.9 W/m3, COD removal rate was 88.3±2.8% and Columbic efficiency was 20.4±2.6%. These illustrated that membrane-less air cathode MFCs were feasible technology for actual wastewater treatment. Stacked MFCs were established by connecting twenty five membrane-less air cathode MFCs in series. The open circuit voltage and the internal resistance of the stacked MFCs were approximately equal to the sum of the open circuit voltage and the inner resistance of each MFC respectively. The maximum power output of the stacked MFCs was 12.8 mW, which was about the power sum of each MFC, when poultry wastewater was treated. The COD removal rate in the stacked MFCs reached 64.1±13% and Columbic efficiency was 16.2±3.5%. These results showed that stacked MFCs could boost power output and improve the capacity for wastewater treatment.
语种	中文
公开日期	2013-09-24
页码	65
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.ipe.ac.cn/handle/122111/1735]
专题	过程工程研究所_研究所（批量导入）
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	唐新华. 微生物燃料电池在有机废水处理中的应用[D]. 中国科学院研究生院. 2011.

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