Sulfate-nitrate-ammonium as double salts in PM2.5: Direct observations and implications for haze events

CORC > 生态环境研究中心 > 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 > 水污染控制实验室

	Sulfate-nitrate-ammonium as double salts in PM2.5: Direct observations and implications for haze events
	Sun, Zhenli ; Duan, Fengkui ; He, Kebin ; Du, Jingjing ; Zhu, Lidan
刊名	SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
	2019-01-10
卷号	647 页码:204-209
关键词	Particulate matter Sulfate-nitrate-ammonium Surface-enhanced Raman scattering Double salt
ISSN号	0048-9697
英文摘要	Obtaining detailed information on sulfate-nitrate-ammonium (SNA) is fundamentally important to explain the formation of haze in China, since it is a dominant component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and plays a critical role in the deterioration of air quality. Several single-particle analysis methods have been applied to study and explain SNA formation; however, determining its mixture state remains a challenge. This study describes a direct observation of the SNA components in atmospheric particles on a single-particle scale, and details the first use of a non-destructive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique for SNA analysis. We studied PM2.5 collected at a site on the premises of Tsinghua University in Beijing, China, during a winter haze episode (12.15.2016-12.23.2016). The on-line data show that the SNA component accounted for 9.4% to 68.2% of the total mass of PM2.5, becoming dominant on heavy haze days, and the sulfate concentration increasedwith the nitrate concentration (R-2=0.72). Furthermore, the off-line SERS and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X ray analysis (SEM-EDS) results for the single particles collected also indicated that SNA increase with increasing haze pollution. The existing state of the SNA component on each haze day was observed directly in a non-destructive manner mainly in the form of double salts such as 3(NH4NO3)center dot(NH4)(2)SO4 and 2 (NH4NO3)center dot(NH4)(2)SO4. A Raman mapping experiment further confirmed that the SNA was internally mixed. Our data also show that SNA can evaporate under high-vacuum scanning electron microscopy conditions, suggesting that SERS is an effective method to directly observe SNAwithout sample loss and may represent a promising single-particle technique to supplement traditional electron microscopy methods. This work will provide evidence for the SNA formation, particularly during haze events. (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/43284]
专题	生态环境研究中心_水污染控制实验室
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, State Key Lab Environm Chem & Ecotoxicol, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China 2.Tsinghua Univ, State Environm Protect Key Lab Sources & Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China 3.Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Sun, Zhenli,Duan, Fengkui,He, Kebin,et al. Sulfate-nitrate-ammonium as double salts in PM2.5: Direct observations and implications for haze events[J]. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT,2019,647:204-209.
APA	Sun, Zhenli,Duan, Fengkui,He, Kebin,Du, Jingjing,&Zhu, Lidan.(2019).Sulfate-nitrate-ammonium as double salts in PM2.5: Direct observations and implications for haze events.SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT,647,204-209.
MLA	Sun, Zhenli,et al."Sulfate-nitrate-ammonium as double salts in PM2.5: Direct observations and implications for haze events".SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 647(2019):204-209.