An angle scanning prism-based SPR sensor system is proposed in this paper. With the structure of reflex parallel light path, the system has been simplified, which mainly consists of light source, CCD sensor, parallel light path structure, rotation and temperature control module. With the motor scanning incidence angle and temperature control, an effective measurement of glucose refractive index (RI) mass concentration property can be achieved. Moreover, a theoretical model has been established to explain the existence of a sensitivity matrix, which enables both the RI and temperature to be measured and obtained from proof-of-concept experiment. This approach paves a way for conventional SPR-based sensors to discriminate between RI-induced and temperature-induced SPR changes and provides a reference for the correction of temperature interference.