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题名	洪湖湿地生物多样性保护与生态管理
作者	朱明勇
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2007-06
授予单位	中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所
授予地点	武汉
导师	王学雷
关键词	生物多样性保护 生态管理 洪湖湿地 江湖关系
学位专业	自然地理学
中文摘要	我国政府自加入《湿地公约》和《生物多样性公约》以来，非常重视生物多样性保护工作。尤其是进入21世纪后，建立了许多自然保护区，其中包括一些湿地自然保护区，以实现对生物多样性的就地保护。本文以洪湖湿地生物多样性保护与重建江湖联系项目为契机，以洪湖湿地生物多样性为研究对象，在借鉴和吸收前人理论研究和实践工作经验的基础上，结合实地调查，对洪湖湿地生物多样性现状进行评价，并描述其变化过程有关特征及规律。 2006年调查发现洪湖有鱼类49种，隶属8目15科；调查共记录到水生植物94种，它们是湿生植物38种，挺水植物27种，浮叶根生植物9种，漂浮植物8种，沉水植物12种。鸟类49种，其中国家重点保护种类仅有白琵鹭，数量达144只；极度濒危动物紫水鸡在洪湖有较大的群落，数量达235只，是迄今为止我国发现的最大紫水鸡群落。在对洪湖湿地生物多样性现状3个层次（景观多样性、生态系统多样性、物种多样性）分析评价的基础上，找出湿地生物多样性丧失的原因，其中江湖阻隔、围垦、围网养殖和过度利用湿地资源是生物多样性丧失的主要原因。详细分析了洪湖湿地生物多样性保护所面临的主要威胁：①流域土地利用/土地覆盖变化；②围垦；③水利工程建设；④沼泽化；⑤水质恶化和富营养化⑥过度利用湿地资源；⑦围网养殖；⑧外来种入侵；⑨管理不善。提出了改善这种状况以使生物多样性能够恢复并具备应用技术可操作性的生态管理措施。研究结果表明洪湖湿地生态恢复和生物多样性保护工作取得了预期的良好效果：局部区域水质明显好转，鱼类数量增加，越冬鸟类数量和种类更是明显增多。生物多样性保护预期前景美好。论文的布局采用的是提出问题，分析问题，解决问题这一一般的逻辑思路来进行的。
英文摘要	Since joining “The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands” & “The Convention on Biological Diversity”, our government attaches great importance to biodiversity protection. Especially entering the 21st century, in order to realize situ conservation , our country has founded a number of natural reserves，including some wetland natural reserves. This article takes the Honghu wetland biodiversity protection and the reconstruction relations between river and lake project as a turning point, takes the Honghu wetland biodiversity as the research object, use for reference and absorb the predecessor fundamental research and in the practice work experience foundation, the union on-the-spot investigation, carries on the appraisal to the Honghu wetland biodiversity present situation, and describes its change process related characteristic and the rule. Through the 2006’s investigation, Honghu registered 49 kinds of fishes, belonging to 8 orders 15 families; found 94 kinds of aquatic plant, they are 38 kinds of hygrophytes,27 kinds of emerging plant，9 kinds of floating leaf ,8 kinds of floating plant & 9 kinds of submerged plant; recorded 49 kinds of birds, national key protection type only has Platalea leucorodia, the population reaches 144; extremely endangered animal Purple Swamphen Porphyrio has a bigger group in Honghu, the quantity reaches 235, which is the biggest Purple Swamphen Porphyrio population discovered until now in our country. This article analyzed the change of biodiversity in three levels (landscape diversity, ecosystem diversity and species diversity) in Honghu Wetland, Based on this, we found the same reasons of losing about biodiversity, which including the separated Yangtze River and lake, Encloses wetland for cultivation, Enclosure cultivate in lake using net et al. At present, Honghu Wetland faces many threats, including: ①Land utilization/land cover change in basin；②Encloses wetland for cultivation；③Hydraulic engineering construction；④Swamping；⑤Water quality worsening and eutrophication;⑥Overuse the wetland resources；⑦Enclosure culture in lake using net；⑧Biological invasion；⑨Bad management. This article proposed some measures to cope with these threats, and these measures are operational in technology.
语种	中文
公开日期	2013-01-17
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.whigg.ac.cn//handle/342008/3694]
专题	测量与地球物理研究所_学生论文_学位论文
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	朱明勇. 洪湖湿地生物多样性保护与生态管理[D]. 武汉. 中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所. 2007.

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