农业生物多样性与中国农业的可持续发展(下)

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	农业生物多样性与中国农业的可持续发展(下)
	曾雄生
刊名	鄱阳湖学刊
	2011-11
期号	6 页码:90-100
关键词	中国农业生物多样性可持续发展
中文摘要	中国农业发展自古以来就一直面临着耕地不足、地力下降、劳动力不足、天灾人祸等诸多挑战。通过"杂种"保持农业生物的多样性是精耕细作等举措之外中国传统农业应对各种不利因素、发展生产所采取的重要措施之一。它不仅成功地扩大了农地面积提高了土地利用率维持了土地的永续利用而且对于自然灾害的控制和劳动力的调节也助了一臂之力。虽然在历史进程中也存在单一栽培的趋势但并没有引发严重的问题。近代以后特别是最近三四十年来随着人口的快速增长和迅速发展的工业化和全球化农业生物多样性在市场经济的作用之下日益为单一栽培和规模经营所取代其中一个突出的表现就是粮食在增产的同时出现了结构性的短缺。而单一栽培所导致的农民负担加重、土地退化、环境破坏等问题使农业的基础变得更加脆弱。展望未来农业的发展或许可以从历史上农业生物多样性中得到一些有益的启示这就是以农业生物多样性来满足人口的需要维护人类健康应对自然灾害提高资源的利用率实行因土种植、因需种植为农业的可持续发展奠定坚实的基础。为此在保护传统生物资源的同时我们要积极引进外来物种丰富生物多样性。更多还原
英文摘要	China＇s agriculture has met many great challenges such as shortage of arable land, soil fertility decline, labor shortage, and many other natural and man-made disasters since ancient times. Apart from intensive cultivation, polyculture is one of the important ways to maintain agro-biodiversity and cope with various adverse factors to develop the agriculture in traditional China, which not only succeeded in expanding total area of farming land, improved land utilization and kept sustainable use of land, but it was also helpful for the control of natural disasters and regulation of the labor forces. Even if there had been some extent of a monoculture trend in history of China, it did not lead to serious problems. Only in the modern time, especially in the past three or four decades, with rapid population growth and rapid development of industrialization and globalization, polyculture has been replaced increasingly by monoculture under the pressure of the market economy. As a result, there is a structural shortage while the total output of grain production increases. The monoculture has increased the burden on farmers, and deteriorated soil and damaged environment have threatened the people＇s health, and hence the foundation of today＇s agriculture has become more vulnerable. To look ahead to the future of agriculture, the history of agro-biodiversity may give us some useful inspirations. The agro-biodiversity can be used to meet the needs of the population, maintain the human health, deal with natural disasters, improve the utilization of natural resources, perform cultivations with accordance of soil nature and human demands, and lay a solid foundation for sustainable agriculture. To this end, it is necessary for us to protect agro-biological resources, and at the same time, we also need to actively introduce alien species to enrich biodiversity.
学科主题	农学史
语种	中文
公开日期	2013-01-21
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.ihns.ac.cn/handle/311051/1801]
专题	自然科学史研究所_科学技术史_中国古代科技史
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	曾雄生. 农业生物多样性与中国农业的可持续发展(下)[J]. 鄱阳湖学刊,2011(6):90-100.
APA	曾雄生.(2011).农业生物多样性与中国农业的可持续发展(下).鄱阳湖学刊(6),90-100.
MLA	曾雄生."农业生物多样性与中国农业的可持续发展(下)".鄱阳湖学刊 .6(2011):90-100.