题名窄叶鲜卑花分子系统地理学研究
作者段义忠
学位类别博士
答辩日期2010-06
授予单位中国科学院研究生院
授予地点北京
导师陈世龙
关键词窄叶鲜卑花 叶绿体DNA 核糖体DNA 冰期避难所 分子系统地理学 青藏高原
学位专业生态学
中文摘要

青藏高原是世界上最高最大的高原,第四纪冰期气候的反复变化应对高原生
物的适应辐射、隔离进化和物种形成产生了重要的影响,因此青藏高原成为研究
生物进化的热点地区和理想场所。窄叶鲜卑花(Sibiraea angustata)隶属于蔷薇科
Rosaceae 鲜卑花属Sibiraea L.,为青藏高原特有的多年生灌木植物,广泛分布于青藏高原及其周边地区。本研究以窄叶鲜卑花为研究对象,利用叶绿体DNA两套基因间隔区(trnS-trnG 和 rpl20-rps12)和核糖体DNA基因间隔区(ITS)的序列数据,对窄叶鲜卑花整个分布区内的40个居群(493个个体)进行了分子系统地理学研究,分析了青藏高原地区窄叶鲜卑花居群的遗传结构和遗传多样性分布式样,并结合青藏高原第四纪气候历史变迁推测了窄叶鲜卑花在四纪冰期的可能避难所以及冰期后的回迁路线。主要结论如下:
1)通过对窄叶鲜卑花40个居群共493个个体(覆盖了青藏高原台面和高原边
缘地区)的cpDNA trnS-trnG和rpl20-rps12基因间隔区序列进行了序列测定,
cpDNA trnS-trnG基因间隔区序列共得到8种单倍型,cpDNA rpl20-rps12基因间隔区序列共得到6种单倍型,两套基因间隔区联合序列分析共得到19种单倍型。只有少数古老的单倍型(如trnS-trnG序列检测到的单倍型H1;rpl20-rps12序列检测到的单倍型H5及两套叶绿体联合序列检测到的单倍型H5)在居群中广泛分布,且多数单倍型仅局限于一个居群或邻近的居群。青藏高原东南部边缘区域的居群普遍具有较高的单倍型多样性(h)和(或)核苷酸多样性(π)并固定较多的特有单倍型,推测青藏高原东南部边缘地区是窄叶鲜卑花在第四纪冰期时重要的避难所。青藏高原台面地区的玉树及邻近区域具有相对较高的单倍型多样性(h)和(或)核苷酸多样性(π),推测这一区域可能是窄叶鲜卑花在第四纪剩余几次冰期中的可能的避难所,在随后几次冰期中,仍有少量的窄叶鲜卑花个体存留在这一区域中。
2) 通过对窄叶鲜卑花的40个居群共318个体(覆盖了青藏高原台面和高原边
缘地区)的核糖体DNA ITS基因间隔区序列进行序列测定,共得到5种单倍型。只有古老的单倍型H2在居群中广泛分布,其他单倍型仅局限于青藏高原东南部边缘的一个居群或邻近的居群。青藏高原东南部边缘居群普遍具有较高的单倍型多样性(h)和(或)核苷酸多样性(π)并固定较多的特有单倍型,进一步推测青藏高原东南部边缘地区是窄叶鲜卑花在第四纪冰期时重要的避难所。
3) 对窄叶鲜卑花cpDNA trnS-trnG 和 rpl20-rps12基因间隔区序列联合分析
发现,总的遗传多样性很高(HT = 0.796),居群内平均遗传多样性较低(HS=0.204);整个分布区居群间遗传分化程度较高(GST = 0.744,NST = 0.855),遗传分化系数NST > GST, 证明cpDNA trnS-trnG和rpl20-rps12序列在整个分布区内存在明显的分子系统地理学结构;分子变异分析(AMOVA)表明,大部分遗传变异(84.07%)存在于居群间,居群间分化水平较高(FST = 0.809),居群间平均基因流较低(Nm = 0.106),对窄叶鲜卑花nrDNA ITS基因间隔区序列分析发现,总的遗传多样性很低(HT = 0.257),居群内平均遗传多样性较低(HS = 0.153);整个分布区居群间遗传分化程度较低(GST = 0.406,NST = 0.293),遗传分化系数NST < GST, 证明nrDNA ITS序列不存在明显的分子系统地理学结构;分子变异分析(AMOVA)表明,大部分遗传变异(62.55%)存在于居群内,居群间分化水平较低(FST = 0.374),居群间平均基因流较低(Nm = 0.83)。
4) 对窄叶鲜卑花cpDNA trnS-trnG和rpl20-rps12基因间隔区序列联合巢式支
系法分析表明,就整个支系而言,其历史成因是由长距离扩张和(或)过去的片
段化以及过去的范围扩张伴随片段化而形成。青藏高原隆升和第四纪冰期之前,
窄叶鲜卑花居群某些古老的单倍型在各居群中广泛分布,随着青藏高原的隆升和
第四纪冰期气候的反复波动,原来连续的居群片段化,并在青藏高原东南部边缘
的避难所单独保存下来,第四纪冰期与间冰期气候的反复波动引发了窄叶鲜卑花
居群多次退缩和扩张,处于青藏高原东南部边缘避难所的居群向高原台面扩张,
由于奠基者效应使高原台面的居群只固定了单一的单倍型。

英文摘要The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is the highest and largest plateau in the world. The topological effect of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau during the Quaternary climatic oscillations must have important effects on the adaptive radiations, isolated evolution and speciation of species on the QTP. Therefore, the QTP is becoming a hot
area and model region for the research of biological evolution. Sibiraea angustata belonging to the genus Sibiraea L. of family Rosaceae, is a perennial shrub widely distributed on the QTP and adjacent regions. In this study, phylogeographical research
of this shrub species was conducted to reveal its evolutionary history and spatial distribution changes affected by past climate oscillations, as well as to find the possible refugia in the glacial stages. Two chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) intergenic spacers (trnS-trnG and rpl20-rps12) and nrDNA ITS intergenic spacer were amplified
and sequenced in 493 individuals from 40 populations sampled from the entire distribution range of Sibiraea angustata. The main results are as follows:
1) Eight haplotypes were identified for the cpDNA trnS-trnG fragment and six for the rpl20-rps12, after the combination of the trnS-trnG and rpl20-rps12 sequences, 19 haplotypes were recovered. Only a few ancenstral haplotypes (e.g. H1 detected in the trnS-trnG intergenic spacer; H5 in the rpl20-rps12 intergenic spacer; H5 in the
combined sequences) were common and widespread throughout the distributional range of S. angustata. Most haplotypes were restricted to single sites or to neighbouring populations. Populations from the southeastern margin of the QTP owned high haplotype diversity and/or nucleotide diversity and fixed more private haplotypes, which suggested that the southeastern margin of the QTP was an
important S. angustata refugium during the Quaternary glaciation. Populations from Yushu and its adjacent region of the QTP platform also owned high haplotype diversity and/or nucleotide diversity, which suggested that Yushu and its adjacent region of the QTP might be another potential refugium for S. angustata during the Quaternary glaciation.
2) We recovered 5 haplotypes based on the nrDNA ITS fragment variations in 318 individuals from 40 populations covering the both platform and edge of QTP. Only one ancenstral haplotype (H2 detected in the nrDNA ITS intergenic spacer) were common and widespread throughout the distributional range of S. angustata.
Most haplotypes were restricted to single sites or to neighbouring populations. Populations from the southeastern margin of the QTP owned high haplotype diversity and/or nucleotide diversity and fixed more private haplotypes, which farther suggested that the southeastern margin of the QTP was an important S. angustata
refugium during the Quaternary glaciation.
3) Analyses based on the combined sequences of the trnS-trnG and rpl20-rps12 intergenic spacers showed that total gene diversity was especially high (HT = 0.796)and average gene diversity within populations was relatively low (HS = 0.204). The estimates of interpopulation differentiation were high (GST = 0.744,NST = 0.855), NST. > GST suggested significant phylogeographical structure. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the genetic variation mainly resided among populations (84.07%) and the FST was 0.809. The average gene flow among populations was 0.106. Analyses based on the nrDNA ITS sequences showed that
total gene diversity was especially low (HT = 0.257) and average gene diversity within populations was relatively low (HS = 0.153). The estimates of interpopulation differentiation were low (GST = 0.406,NST = 0.293), Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the genetic variation mainly resided among populations
(62.55%) and the FST was 0.374. The average gene flow among populations was 0.83.
4) Nested clade analysis (NCA) indicated that the main historical event acted on the total cladogram was long distance colonization possibly coupled with subsequent fragmentation or past fragmentation followed by range expansion. Before the recent
uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the Quaternary glaciation, some ancient haplotypes was distributed across the entire former range of this species. During glaciation, continuous populations of S. angustata were fragmented into several geographically isolated populations which survived in isolated refugia located at the
southeastern margin and the Yushu and its adjacent region of the QTP. During interglacial and postglacial periods, population experienced local expansion, Fouder effect occurred during the population expansion which lead to the low level of genetic
diversity and haplotype on the plateau platform.
语种中文
学科主题生物科学
公开日期2012-05-10
内容类型学位论文
源URL[http://ir.nwipb.ac.cn/handle/363003/3392]  
专题西北高原生物研究所_中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
段义忠. 窄叶鲜卑花分子系统地理学研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2010.
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