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题名	膜下滴灌棉花水肥耦合田间试验研究
作者	刘新水
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2005
授予单位	中国科学院．中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所．植物学．
导师	田长彦，中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所
关键词	棉花
其他题名	A Field Research on the Coefficientc of Water and N Coupling on Cotton under Plastic Mulch by Drip Irrigation
中文摘要	本文于2004年4-10月通过设在新疆巴州尉犁县的中国科学院试验基地进行的膜下滴灌棉花水肥田间试验，对膜下滴灌条件下的水肥盐的动态及平衡进行了研究，主要结论如下：1．试验12个处理中设计最优水肥组合为N：225kg／hm2，灌水505mm。2．有春灌的条件下，505mm的灌溉量基本上可满足膜下滴灌棉花对水分的需求，棉花全生育期耗水量约为625朋。该地区膜下滴灌棉花充分供水条件下的灌溉制度为：蕾期每次灌水定额4Omm，每5天灌一次；花铃期每次灌水定额为50mm，每7天灌一次，盛铃期过后，灌水定额逐渐降低至40朋。3．膜下滴灌条件下，棉花各水肥处理的生物量累积差异不显著，生物量累积和植株氮素累积呈S型增长曲线，且具有同步性；叶、茎、蕾各器官的全氮含量全生育期呈下降趋势，但茎中的全氮含量先于叶降低，叶中的N累积量在盛花期达到最高，随后向生殖器官转移，再分配量占后期生殖器官N累积量的10-15％，其余来自土壤，占全生育期的60%。4．棉花产量与植株吸氮量高度相关，而且水氮在促进棉花氮素累积中有明显的互作效应。水氮优化处理棉花的皮棉产量达到2888kg／hm，，其全生育期吸氮量为295kg／hm，，其中盛蕾期以前棉花吸氮量占20％，盛蕾期至盛铃期棉花累积氮素为30％，盛铃期至吐絮期棉花累积氮素占全生育期的50％。5．膜下滴灌条件下，硝态氮在膜间0-40cm发生强烈累积，灌水量降低或施肥尼增加，硝态氮残留都呈增加趋势。土壤当季的矿化量为195-210kg/hm2，在施肥量低于112.5kg／hm2时，棉花的吸氮量主要来自土壤矿化的氮素；随着施肥量增加氮肥表观损失量增加，而且主要来自氮素气态损失；在推荐施肥量225kg／hm，的条件下，土壤氮素基本保持平衡。6．膜下滴灌条件下，水氮之间明显的互作效应，水分胁迫极大抑制了肥效发挥，而在水分适宜时氮肥效应明显；氮肥也促进了水分效应的发挥，但在当地气候条件下，水分是膜下滴灌棉花的主效应因子。不同水肥处理对棉花生育指标卿向明显，而且生育指标与棉花产量之间高度相关，高产棉花生育指标分别为：株高66.9cm、叶龄15.6个户果枝13.1台、成铃数8.9个。水肥胁迫都缩短棉花生育期，这可能是不同水肥处理棉花产量差异的主要原因。」7．在南疆，膜下滴灌条件下的于60cm的土壤盐分有所增加，在膜间0-40cm欲分强烈聚集，而且灌水量低的处理盐分增加明显，积盐率高达9性．邪，其增加的盐分主要来自一「边界土壤水分上行所带来的盐分，占盐分增加量的57％；高灌水量处理，增加的盐分主要来自灌溉水所携带的盐分，占盐分增加量的81％，因此增加灌溉量在一定程度上降低了盐分的累积。In this paper ,based on field N fertilizer and water experiment of Cotton under Plastic Mulch by Drip Irrigation from Apri to Octo in 2004 at Yuli experiment station of CAS of Ba region in Xinjiang.The dynamic and balance of water ^ N and salt under Plastic Mulch by Drip Irrigation were studied ,the main results were as follow. In experiment 5the treat of. 225kg/hm2 N and 505mm irrigation is the Optimum treat The quantity of water demand is about to 625mm for cotton under plastic mulch by Drip Irrigation in Nanjiang. The irrigation scheduling is: in buding stage the irrigation water amount of 40mm for every four days and in flowering and boll stage ,the irrigation water amount of 50mm For every six days. Under plastic mulch by drip irrigation, the biomass variation of different treats was not significant, the comulation of biomass and N was fit to S'% and in-phase. N percent decreased with the growth and development of cotton in leaf\ stem and bud , yet the fall of N in leaf preceded the stem. N cumulation reached peak in flowering stage ,then decreased and moved to reproductive organ , which account for 10-15% of N cumulation in reproductive organ in this stage, the other come from soil, which was about 60% of N cumulation in whole growing stage. The yield and N absorbed of cotton was high correlation ,the coefficiency of water and N improved greatly N absorbed The amount of N absorbed is about 295kg/hm2 for optimized treats, thereinto the percent absorbed N reached 20% before flourishing buding, 30% from flourishing buding to flourishing bell, and 50% flourishing bell later. The layers of 0-60cm is the main distribution area of NOJ, decreasing from top to below, and accumulating sharply in 0-40cm layers of uncovered plasic. The residuce of NO3 increased with less irrigation water or more applied N; the soil Nmin was about 195-210 kg/hm2 in the growing staging ? which played an important role in cotton N absorbed under N application rate of 112.5 kg/hm2;The apparent N loss significantly increased with N application increasing. ,and mainly come from the loss of ammonia volatilization and denitrification. The N in soil keep balance basically at N application rate of 225 kg/hm2 The coupling effection of water and N is significant, variation of yields is not obvious under water stress condition, yet the variation of different N treats is significant while water is rational; N also improved the effection of water, however water is the main coefficient factor on cotton under plastic mulch by drip irrigation in Nanjiang. The growing and developing characters of high-yield is :the stem length is 66.9cm, 15,6 pieces of leaf age, 13.1 pieces of fruit branches and the number of bolls each plant is 8.9; The stress of water and N can shorten growing period.,which maybe the main reason of yield variance with different treats. 7. The salt of 0-60cm layers have increased ,and assembled sharply at the uncovered area in 0-40cm layers; The salt of lower water treats enhanced greater ,the ration of salt accumulation reached 94.5%,which mainly come from the salt that moving up water carried on, up to 57% of increased salt ,and the salt increased of higher irrigation treats mainly come from the salt irrigation water carrying on , was about 81%, so adding irrigating water can decreased the cumulation of salt in a certain extent.
语种	中文
学科主题	作物栽培学与耕作学
公开日期	2010-11-12
页码	共54页
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/8208]
专题	新疆生态与地理研究所_中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(2010年以前数据)
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	刘新水　. 膜下滴灌棉花水肥耦合田间试验研究[D]. 中国科学院．中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所．植物学．. 2005.

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