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题名	固定半固定沙漠工程沙害研究
作者	穆元伟
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2005
授予单位	中国科学院．中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所．环境科学．
导师	雷加强，中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所
关键词	古尔班通古特沙漠
其他题名	Study on Blown Sand Disasters of the Engineering in the Fixed and Semi-fixed Desert
中文摘要	古尔班通古特沙漠是我国最大的固定与半固定沙漠，地处新疆准噶尔盆地中部犷面积4．88xl扩kmz。随着社会经济的发展和油气资源的开发，人类活动对古尔一斑通古特沙漠影响的强度和广度增大，纵横交错贯通沙漠的公路、输油管道以及沙漠明渠等。工程行为直接扰动了固定、半固定沙丘，在强烈的风力作用下活化的沙面对工程造成沙害。本文以沙漠明渠为例，以实地调查、监测和试验研究等第一手资料为支撑，从形成环境背景、发生模式、分布特征、生物防沙试验等方面，分析和论述了固定半固定沙漠工程沙害的形成及其防治，以便为固定、半固定沙漠工程沙害深入研究提供基础资料。研究结果表明：（1）综合风动力条件和下垫面状况，将古尔班通古特沙漠工程沙害形成环境从北到南划分为6个区，并依据沙源贡献度将其划分为3个级别，其中一级为工程沙害严重区（班．中部区），二级为工程沙害较重区（W．中部偏南区，V．南部区），三级为工程沙害较轻区〔I．北部边缘区，II．北部区，班，南部边缘区）；（2）通过下垫面固定程度空间差异、植被盖度时空变化对输沙率和沙面蚀积程度影响、土壤表层含水率变化对起动风速影响等分析，初步阐明了固定半固定沙漠工程沙害的基本特征，即在空间上不连续性和在时间上与风力不吻合性；（3）在分析固定半固定沙面与工程行为相互作用的基础上，确定了固定半固定沙漠工程沙害的发生模式和表现形式，即工程行为对固定、半固定沙面的扰动主要表现为沙面活化和地形改变，在风力作用下，形成积沙、风蚀丫压埋等形式的沙害；（4）通过实地调查分初步查明了沙漠明渠沿线工程沙害和植物侵入防沙体系内部的空间差异，工程沙害在中部表现较为严重，向沙漠边缘变轻；（5）通过系统监测，以降水为主要补给源的土壤表层水分呈现明显的季节变化，在空间也存在一定的差异。基于土壤水分牟程生物防沙试验，选用了沙拐枣、梭梭等植物种，在无灌溉条件下，植物成活率很高，长势良好，两年的生长量已经初步起到防风固沙的作用。Gurbantonggut Desert, located in Junggar Basin, one of the largest fixed and semi-fixed deserts in China, has an area of 48,000km2, With the development of the economy and exploitation of the oil-gas resource, eco-environment has been destroyed. In the desert, engineering such as roads, oil delivery pipe and conveyance canal are crossed. In this case, the fixed and semi-fixed dunes have been disturbed and the sand dune surface activities have been improved. Blown sand will disturb the engineering, under the strong wind. In this paper, the sand blown disaster and its control are discussed, The results show as follow. (1) The paper has educed the difference of the blown sand disaster environment in Gurbantonggut Desert and divides the whole desert into six blown sand disaster areas. According to quantity of the mobile sand on the ground surface, the six areas can be classified as three grades. (2) Characters of the sand blown disaster include discontinuity on the space and temporal misfit The discontinuity on the space including the difference of underlying surface, sediment discharge rate, deflation and accumulation on the sand surface. The temporal misfit includes the disagreement between wind power and sediment discharge rate, the disagreement between wind power and wind speed of sand moving. ( 3 ) Based on analyzing the effect between the fixed and semi-fixed sand surface and human's activity, the paper educe the module of the occurrence of the sand blown disaster: Human's activities put the semi-fixed sand surface into the mobile sand and shift the underlying surface. Sand-driving wind impact on the engineering and prcxiuce the hazard, including wind erosion, sand aggregation and moving dime covering- (4) Based on the date from field investigation, the paper gives the state of and invaded plant along the canal. The blown sand disasters of the engineering are most serious in the middle area, and get lighter on the two ends. (5) Seasonal variations of percent moisture content, including the alimentation stage in spring, the dehydration stage in summer, the feeble dehydration stage in autumn, the freezing stagnant water stage in winter. From the top to the bottom there exist 3 distinctive layers of soil moisture. Based on the moistute content on a sand dune, direct planting in large acreage is possible in fixed and semi-fixed desert. Adventitious plant such as Haloxylon ammodendron and Calligonum leucocladum grow rapidly and prevent the blown sand disaster in the second and third years.
语种	中文
学科主题	荒漠化防治
公开日期	2010-11-12
页码	共51页
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/8200]
专题	新疆生态与地理研究所_中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(2010年以前数据)
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	穆元伟　. 固定半固定沙漠工程沙害研究[D]. 中国科学院．中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所．环境科学．. 2005.

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