Perfluorinated compounds in surface waters and WWTPs in Shenyang, China: Mass flows and source analysis

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2011.05.036

	Perfluorinated compounds in surface waters and WWTPs in Shenyang, China: Mass flows and source analysis
	Sun, Tieheng 2,3; Sun, Hongwen 1; Li, Fasong 1; Zhang, Tao 1; Zhang, Xianzhong 1; He, Na 1; Song, Qi 1; Zhao, Lijie 1; Sun, Lina 2
刊名	WATER RESEARCH
	2011-10-01
卷号	45 期号:15 页码:4483-4490
关键词	Pfcs Pfoa Pfos Surface Water Mass Flow Hun River Shenyang China
ISSN号	0043-1354
DOI	10.1016/j.watres.2011.05.036
英文摘要	Concentrations of 10 perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) were investigated in the Hun River (HR), four canals, ten lakes, and influents and effluents from four main municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Shenyang, China. Mass flows of four main PFCs were calculated to elucidate the contribution from different sections of the HR. Overall, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) were the major PFCs in the HR, with ranges of 2.68-9.13 ng/L, and 2.12-11.3 ng/L, respectively, while perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was detected at lower levels, ranging from 0.40 to 3.32 ng/L. The PFC concentrations in the HR increased after the river passes through two cities (Shenyang and Fushun), indicating cities are an important contributor for PFCs. Mass flow analysis in the HR revealed that PFC mass flows from Fushun are 1.65-5.50 kg/year for C6-C8 perfluorinated acids (PFCAs) and 1.29 kg/year for PFOS, while Shenyang contributed 2.83-5.18 kg C6-C8 PFCAs/year, and 3.65 kg PFOS/year. The concentrations of PFCs in four urban canals were higher than those in the HR, with the maximum total PFCs of 240 ng/L. PFOA and PFOS showed different trends along these canals, suggesting different sources for the two PFCs. Total PFCs in ten lakes from Shenyang were at low levels, with the greatest concentration (56.2 ng/L) detected in a heavily industrialized area. The PFC levels in WWTP effluents were higher than those in surface waters with concentrations ranging from 18.4 to 41.1 ng/L for PFOA, and 1.69-3.85 ng/L for PFOS. Similar PFC profiles between effluents from WWTPs and urban surface waters were found. These results indicate that WWTPs are an important PFC source in surface water. Finally, we found that the composition profiles of PFCs in surface waters were similar to those in tap water, but not consistent with those in adult blood from Shenyang. The calculation on total daily intake of PFOS by adults from Shenyang showed that the contribution of drinking water to human exposure was minor. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
WOS研究方向	Engineering ; Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Water Resources
语种	英语
出版者	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
WOS记录号	WOS:000294101300016
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://210.72.129.5/handle/321005/121823]
专题	中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所
通讯作者	Sun, Hongwen
作者单位	1.Nankai Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, MOE Key Lab Pollut Proc & Environm Criteria, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China 2.Shenyang Univ, MOE Key Lab Reg Environm & Ecoremediat, Shenyang 110044, Peoples R China 3.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, Key Lab Terr Ecol Proc, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Sun, Tieheng,Sun, Hongwen,Li, Fasong,et al. Perfluorinated compounds in surface waters and WWTPs in Shenyang, China: Mass flows and source analysis[J]. WATER RESEARCH,2011,45(15):4483-4490.
APA	Sun, Tieheng.,Sun, Hongwen.,Li, Fasong.,Zhang, Tao.,Zhang, Xianzhong.,...&Sun, Lina.(2011).Perfluorinated compounds in surface waters and WWTPs in Shenyang, China: Mass flows and source analysis.WATER RESEARCH,45(15),4483-4490.
MLA	Sun, Tieheng,et al."Perfluorinated compounds in surface waters and WWTPs in Shenyang, China: Mass flows and source analysis".WATER RESEARCH 45.15(2011):4483-4490.