Molecular development of fibular reduction in birds and its evolution from dinosaurs

doi:10.1111/evo.12882

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	Molecular development of fibular reduction in birds and its evolution from dinosaurs
	Francisco Botelho, Joao 1; Smith-Paredes, Daniel 1; Soto-Acuna, Sergio 1,2; O'Connor, Jingmai 3; Palma, Veronica 4; Vargas, Alexander O.1
刊名	EVOLUTION
	2016-03-01
卷号	70 期号:3 页码:543-554
关键词	Bird-dinosaur Transition Fibula Ihh Mesozoic Birds Pthrp Zeugopod
DOI	10.1111/evo.12882
文献子类	Article
英文摘要	Birds have a distally reduced, splinter-like fibula that is shorter than the tibia. In embryonic development, both skeletal elements start out with similar lengths. We examined molecular markers of cartilage differentiation in chicken embryos. We found that the distal end of the fibula expresses Indian hedgehog (IHH), undergoing terminal cartilage differentiation, and almost no Parathyroid-related protein (PTHrP), which is required to develop a proliferative growth plate (epiphysis). Reduction of the distal fibula may be influenced earlier by its close contact with the nearby fibulare, which strongly expresses PTHrP. The epiphysis-like fibulare however then separates from the fibula, which fails to maintain a distal growth plate, and fibular reduction ensues. Experimental downregulation of IHH signaling at a postmorphogenetic stage led to a tibia and fibula of equal length: The fibula is longer than in controls and fused to the fibulare, whereas the tibia is shorter and bent. We propose that the presence of a distal fibular epiphysis may constrain greater growth in the tibia. Accordingly, many Mesozoic birds show a fibula that has lost its distal epiphysis, but remains almost as long as the tibia, suggesting that loss of the fibulare preceded and allowed subsequent evolution of great fibulo-tibial disparity.
WOS关键词	HORMONE-RELATED-PROTEIN ; INDIAN HEDGEHOG CONTROL ; REGULATED BONE-GROWTH ; SKELETON FORMATION ; ENDOCHONDRAL BONE ; CARTILAGE DIFFERENTIATION ; ALLIGATOR-MISSISSIPPIENSIS ; SAPEORNIS-CHAOYANGENSIS ; TETRAPOD LIMB ; BASAL BIRD
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Evolutionary Biology ; Genetics & Heredity
语种	英语
WOS记录号	WOS:000372464600003
资助机构	FONDECYT, Government of Chile(1150906)
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://124.16.247.212/handle/311034/7050]
专题	古脊椎动物与古人类研究所_图书馆1
作者单位	1.Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol, Lab Ontogenia & Filogenia, Santiago, Chile 2.Museo Nacl Hist Nat, Area Paleontol, Santiago, Chile 3.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol, Beijing, Peoples R China 4.Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol, FONDAP Ctr Genom Regulat, Santiago, Chile
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Francisco Botelho, Joao,Smith-Paredes, Daniel,Soto-Acuna, Sergio,et al. Molecular development of fibular reduction in birds and its evolution from dinosaurs[J]. EVOLUTION,2016,70(3):543-554.
APA	Francisco Botelho, Joao,Smith-Paredes, Daniel,Soto-Acuna, Sergio,O'Connor, Jingmai,Palma, Veronica,&Vargas, Alexander O..(2016).Molecular development of fibular reduction in birds and its evolution from dinosaurs.EVOLUTION,70(3),543-554.
MLA	Francisco Botelho, Joao,et al."Molecular development of fibular reduction in birds and its evolution from dinosaurs".EVOLUTION 70.3(2016):543-554.