| 题名 | 超高频电子标签基带处理器的研究与设计 |
| 作者 | 杨骅 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2009-05-27 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院声学研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 声学研究所 |
| 关键词 | 超高频射频识别 低功耗 安全性 加密算法 询问-应答协议 Hash |
| 学位专业 | 信号与信息处理 |
| 中文摘要 | 射频识别技术（RFID：Radio Frequency Identification）是一项利用射频信号通过空间耦合实现无接触信息传递，并藉此信息来达到识别目标的技术。目前，RFID技术正在以其独特的优势逐渐应用于世界各个角落，这也给RFID技术的研究和开发提出了更高的要求。 为了满足超高频电子标签低功耗、小面积的要求，本文在深入研究EPC Global C1G2标准的基础上，设计了超高频射频识别电子标签数字基带处理器。综合考虑标签输入数据解码性能、输出数据速率和功耗的要求，探询出标签基带处理器的最低工作时钟频率为1.64MHz。采用门控时钟管理机制、分布式译码、流水线结构等一系列降低系统瞬时功耗的方法，消除尖峰功耗，使功耗在整个工作时段平缓均匀分布，整个结构采用0.18um CMOS工艺设计，综合后电路规模为7280门。 本文针对超高频电子标签的安全性进行了研究与设计。通过分析现有的各类超高频RFID的安全加密算法的优缺点，结合RFID设计中的安全分级思想，提出了一种面向RFID应用的AES算法结构。该结构通过改变AES算法每轮中的行移位、字节替换和密钥加运算的执行顺序，将算法执行效率提高了30％左右；通过采用基于有限域的组合逻辑替代查找表方法，并重新设计存储器，减小了硬件电路的开销，电路规模为3850门。分析AES等分组加密算法的密钥表安全性，提出一种基于混沌动力学模型的加密算法种子密钥表生成方法，生成的密钥表可以应用于安全等级要求较高的RFID系统中。 为了提高超高频RFID系统的安全性，本文在研究针对RFID的各类安全协议的基础上，结合混沌理论的伪随机序列生成方法，提出一种基于混沌序列的Hash函数生成算法。该算法具有良好的单向性、初值敏感性，在硬件资源和安全性能两方面满足了超高频 RFID系统的安全认证要求。结合该算法，本文提出了一种新的分布式RFID询问-应答认证协议，新协议具有效率高、安全性和隐私性好等优点，在安全级别要求较高的超高频RFID领域具有一定的应用价值。 |
| 英文摘要 | RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a technology that incorporates the use of electromagnetic or electrostatic coupling in the radio frequency (RF) portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to uniquely identify an object. In recent years, it has been developing rapidly driven by various kinds of applications and has already been regarded as one of the most promising information technologies in the world. For the low-power and small-area requirement of UHF (ultra-high frequency) RFID tag, a baseband processor is designed, which is compatible with the “EPCTM Class-1 Generation-2 UHF RFID Protocol”. With the consideration about performance of tag input data decoding, output data speed and power requirement, the slowest system clock frequency is 1.64 MHz. Power is distributed uniformly in the working time by adopting technologies of clock-gating, partial decoder circuit and pipeline structure, which reduce instantaneous power assumption. The chip is designed by the 0.18um CMOS standard process with the size of 7280 gates. The article does a lot of researches and designs for UHF RFID tag security. A new architecture of AES algorithm is introduced, which combined the thought of security grade and the analysis of many kinds of encrypting algorithms. The speed of algorithm is increased 30% through adjusting and reordering the functional steps, such as shiftrow, subbytes and addroundkey, in each round function. Due to redesigning the memory and using the finite field based logic operation instead of the Sbox, the size of algorithm is decreased to 3850 gates. The article analyzes security of key schedule for block encrypt algorithm, such as AES, then presents a method based on chaotic dynamics systems that generates the seed key schedule for security algorithm. It’s beneficial for a real application system for advanced RFID tag. In order to improve the security of authentication for UHF RFID system, a Hash function construction algorithm is proposed after investigating many kinds of RFID cryptographic protocols and researching the method of making chaotic pseudo random number. The algorithm has good irreversibility and sensitivity to initial values, and satisfies the security requirements of UHF RFID authentication with hardware resource limitation. With this algorithm, a new challenge-response based RFID authentication protocol for distributed database environment is presented. The protocol offers high efficiency, security and privacy, which do benefit for advanced RFID system. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2011-05-07 |
| 页码 | 137 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.59.140/handle/311008/494]  |
| 专题 | 声学研究所_声学所博硕士学位论文_1981-2009博硕士学位论文 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 杨骅. 超高频电子标签基带处理器的研究与设计[D]. 声学研究所. 中国科学院声学研究所. 2009. |
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