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题名	宜州—下枧河流域壮族歌咏习俗传承与文化遗产的保护
作者	覃慧宁
答辩日期	2015-12-09 ; 2015-12-09
导师	广西师范大学 ; 覃德清
关键词	非物质文化遗产 口传文化 传承 壮族歌咏文化
其他题名	A Research on the Heritage of Zhuang—ballads Conventions in the Yizhou--Xiajian River District
中文摘要	在宜州一下枧河地区传承的壮族歌咏文化历史悠久，底蕴丰厚，其歌俗、歌作、歌者与歌艺的丰富内涵，都凸现出当地壮族文化的鲜明个性，在下枧河阳同山水交融的稻作文化生境下，其传统山歌习俗展示出人与自然、人与人、人与社会和谐共存的人文景观，是广西壮族文化中重要的非物质文化遗产。这一口承文化传统在全球化浪潮和主流文化的影响下，与当今多数民间文化同样显示出多重复杂的特质：既接受并融合以电子传播媒介为标志的现代大众文化——如利用家庭数码影碟机、数码摄像机、光盘刻录机等记录和展演对歌活动，并把具有时代特征的话语唱入传统山歌；义夹杂市场经济因素——专人组织摄录和售卖山歌光盘、民间个人花钱请歌手在传统礼俗活动或商业活动中表演；同时还主动与主流政治话语融合，为政府所用、为政策做宣传——如民间山歌手积极参加宜州市政府各级单位主办的对歌活动，传唱政策山歌，获得政府颁发的“歌王”称号，等等。 这一地区歌咏传承正处于转型阶段。一方面，这里过去几乎人人会唱山歌，处处歌圩热闹的状况已经随着交通的发展、大众媒介信息及汉文化教育的广泛普及而逐渐消逝，加之“文革”十年禁歌造成的传承断层，现在山歌爱好者大多为中老年人，30岁以下年龄段很少有喜爱山歌的，一些文化价值较高的山歌如创世古歌、谜语歌等甚至存在灭绝的危机，需要抓紧抢救性保护。另一方面，在政府积极主办山歌活动及民间山歌光盘流行的推动下，宣州一下枧河地区壮族歌咏习俗在新的时代呈现出新lU特质并存、与时代特征紧密相连的面貌，既保留着传统对歌活动传情达意、作为交流载体的传统口头传承的特点，也体现出积极与现代文明交流结合，成为新兴电子媒介传播内容的双重性。 人类文化表述史上，在书写传承文化尚未普及之前，口头传承文化曾占有重要地位，现代电子媒介兴起后，以电视和广播为代表的口头传播方式重新成为文化传承的主流之一，现代宣州一下枧河地区的口传歌咏文化的价值就在于：首先，它以咏唱作为个人表达和交流的方式，展示了人与自然、人与人、人与社会和谐相处的古老模式，它的传承体系维系着当地人共通的精神世界、保持着他们的民族认同感，并对现代工业化社会中个体生存方式日益孤立隔膜、缺乏本真的交流表达，人与人的生存竞争同益激烈的现实，具有反思性的意义：其次，这一地区歌咏文化在历史中的演化和在现实中的适应性变迁，对于考察壮族传统文化的变迁及认识壮族文化的特质都是具有重意义的；同时，口头传承的壮族歌咏文化作为无文字时代的产物，不仅流传至今，而且仍具有其独特的创造力和想象力，因此它作为现代多元文化的内容，对现代人文建设有着启发性的意义；最后，下枧河地区及至整个宜州的民族民涮歌咏文化与政府行为的联系日益紧密，历史上官方对少数民族歌咏文化基本采取边缘化的措施，现在的宜州市政府对壮族歌咏文化则相当重视与扶持，从而官方的主流文化与民间非主流文化在一定程度上呈现出交流融合的趋势，而政府力量、学术界力量和外来商业力量的介入，使宜州一下枧河地区歌咏文化出现更加纷繁复杂的现代特质，研究其现状及发展趋势对更全面地认识及保护传统文化的现代传承具有深远的现实意义。 There has been a long history of Zhuang•-ballads culture in Yizhou•Xiajian river district．This intangible culture which contains the custom，the songs，the singers as well as the art of ballads forms distinguish character of local the Zhuang’s culture．It is Xiaiian river rural area’s rice field farming culture，mountaios and rivers that born the habitat with the traditional folk ballads custom．Thus．a harmonious humanism cultural vision that shows the coexistence of people and nature，people and people，people and society became one of the important intangible cultural heritages of the Zhuang’s traditional culture．Since this oral tradition is inherited under the influence of globalization tide and Chinese official culture，as most of the ethnics’culture nowadays．it demonstrates multiple and complicated speciality．On the one hand，the local people already accepted and melting popular literature especially the electronic conmmnication media such as VCD、digital vidicon and digital video recorder With these electronic facilities they record and perform the custom of singing in antiphonal style in which they even compose the lyrics with modem words，On the other hand，the culture also mixes with the economic factor of the market． The special messenger takes a photograph of and records and sells the folk song CD，Individual spends money inviting the singer to perform in the traditional etiquette and custom parties or the business activity in organization．At the same time people meet with the political words of the mainstream actively．It is used to publicize policy by government If the ballads singers join the ballads party held by the municipal departments，and sing ballads about the policy, he will win the title“king singer”issued by the government，ctc．This heritage of oral tradition is in a course of transition．In history,most of the local people could sing folk songs freely as well the singing falrs of the ballads Once were lively in many village．However, these customs has been fade away gradually as a result of the extensive popularization of mass media．HaIl culture and education everywhere as well as the development of transportation．In addition．it is also due to the prohibition of transmitting ballads during Culture Revolution．In late 20years the ballads—fans are mostly the elderly．Those under the age of 30 are seldom interested in local ballads．Consequentlv it is urgent to protect the ancient genesis song，riddle song，etc．as soon as possible，which are rare but likely facing a crisis of disappearance．It has been owe to government’s actively ballads parties and the popularity of ballads-CD in the folk that more and more local people enjoy singing the ballads again．Accordingly it has demonstrated new specialities integrating with the old of custom which have been 1inked to globalization closely．As one of the ancient carriers of oral communication，the antistrophic style enable singers to convey feeling，ideas and conventions with each other．At the same time，with programs in the ballads—CD or television．this oral tradition passed on by electronic technology shows its dualism on either traditional or modem level．The oral communication once was the mainstream of cultural express in the human cultural history before the writing culture had been popularized．Now it is represented since TV and radio become the mainly medium to transmit information．Thus the oral culture renaissance again after modem electronic media rises．The realizable values of the ballads culture at Yizhou—Xiajian river area iust lie in the following factors：First of all，it has shown an ancient but harmonious mode which people and nature，people and people，people and society can get along mildly．The system of heritage holds the indigene together in the spiritual life and keeps theirselves ethical identity．Moreover, it is a self-reflection to modem industrialized society that personal expression and exchange has become isolated、monotone and lack mntual understanding with the fierce of competition as the antistrophic style that is full of creative and is implicated in individual nature．Secondly,jt is with important significance for research on the vicissitude and characteristic of traditional Zhuang culture to investigate this regional oral tradition’s history evolvement as well as adaptability in modem era．Meanwhile．without any 1iteral record．the Zhuang ballads culture not only spread till nowadays but also is full of unique creativity and imagination．So it would make great sense to building modem humanity as the content of modem diverse culture．Finally．the integration between folk culture and official culture has become more and more close at Yizhou—XiaJian river district，even at the whole Yizhou City．Though the minorities’ballads cultures were basically treated with brinkmanship historically, today it has been sustained and got used to agitprop by the government which lead to the trend that both the folk culture and official culture may combine in some degree．The involvement of government’s strength．academia’s strength and outside commercial strength should make the tradition at this area appear numerous and complicated modem characteristic．Eventually, to study its current situation and possible development is of historicism and realistic importance for people to learn and then to protect our traditional culture’s heritage in today’s world．
出版者	广西师范大学
语种	中文
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.calis.edu.cn/hdl/530500/6267]
专题	广西民族大学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	覃慧宁. 宜州—下枧河流域壮族歌咏习俗传承与文化遗产的保护[D]. 2015, 2015.

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