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	汶川地震堰塞体及相关力学问题
	孙其诚 ; 王光谦 ; 胡凯衡 ; SUN Qi-Cheng ; WANG Guang-Qian ; HU Kai-Heng
	2010-06-10 ; 2010-06-10
关键词	汶川地震 山地灾害 堰塞体 颗粒物质 Wenchuan Earthquake, mountain hazards, quake lake, granular matter P315.2
其他题名	Quake lakes in the Wenchuan Earthquake and challenging mechanical problems
中文摘要	2008年5月12日,爆发了里氏8.0级汶川特大地震,120多秒内,形成了南起康定,北至青川,呈北东—南西走向的长约300km、宽约30km的破裂带,当时山崩地裂,秀美河山被疯狂撕扯,无数生灵瞬间淹没于碎石瓦砾之中.由于四川复杂的地质地貌条件和丰沛水系,这次地震诱发了大量的崩塌、滑坡、泥石流和堰塞湖等山地灾害.极震区有明显危害和威胁的堰塞湖34个,其中唐家山堰塞湖为震后最大的山地次生灾害,严重威胁下游沿岸城镇、村庄、水利水电设施和100余万人生命财产安全,是震后抢险的重中之重.清华大学水利水电工程系部分师生不畏艰险,始终奋战在抗震抢险第一线,为唐家山堰塞湖抢险提供水文预报和决策咨询服务等,对肖家桥堰塞湖进行现场踏勘,获得了翔实的第一手资料.目前正在深入开展有关堰塞体的几个具有挑战性的关键力学问题研究.首先,堰塞体形成机制问题,亦即地震诱发的崩塌和巨型滑坡填充河道的动力过程;其次,堰塞体的溃决机制问题,除了关心泻流时下游洪峰流量外,更关注堰塞体的冲刷过程,以及砾石、块石等大粒径滑坡堆积物构成的堰塞体蠕变和变形机理等.这些问题正是侧重机理研究的颗粒物质力学的主要研究内容之一.由于堰塞体颗粒组成复杂,基于唯象描述的土力学和散体力学显然不适合堰塞体力学行为的基础研究.; The Great Wenchuan Earthquake which measured 8.0 Ms on the Richter scale occurred on May 12, 2008 in Sichuan province of China. Seismic activities were concentrated in the mid-fracture of the Longmenshan fault (known as Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture). Starting from the epicenter at Wenchuan, the rupture propagated at an average speed of 3.1 km/s, 49� toward the northeast, rupturing a total of about 300 km. Very disastrous damages resulted. As of May 27, 2008, 34 large quake lakes had formed in nine earthquake-affected counties, the most precarious being that located in the extremely difficult terrain of Mount Tangjiashan. Faculty and graduate students from the State Key Laboratory for Hydroscience and Engineering in Tsinghua University not only took part in rescue activities but also conducted site surveys in the Xiaojiaqiao and Tangjiashan lake areas, collecting first-hand data on site. Quake lakes present challenging questions of mechanics. First, how are dams formed during the processes of massive landslides, rockfills and debris flows, and secondly how strong are they?. Dams may be regarded as a loose packing of granular materials on a huge scale, exhibiting quite different properties from common materials, which is exactly the key issue in the study of granular mechanics.; 国家自然科学基金(批准号:50679032); 国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号:2007CB714100)资助项目
语种	中文 ; 中文
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/60186]
专题	清华大学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	孙其诚,王光谦,胡凯衡,等. 汶川地震堰塞体及相关力学问题[J],2010, 2010.
APA	孙其诚,王光谦,胡凯衡,SUN Qi-Cheng,WANG Guang-Qian,&HU Kai-Heng.(2010).汶川地震堰塞体及相关力学问题..
MLA	孙其诚,et al."汶川地震堰塞体及相关力学问题".(2010).

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