New insights into PM2.5 chemical composition and sources in two major cities in China during extreme haze events using aerosol mass spectrometry

	New insights into PM2.5 chemical composition and sources in two major cities in China during extreme haze events using aerosol mass spectrometry
	Elser, Miriam 1; Huang, Ru-Jin 1; Wolf, Robert 1; Slowik, Jay G.1; Wang, Qiyuan 1; Canonaco, Francesco 1; Li, Guohui 1; Bozzetti, Carlo 1; Daellenbach, Kaspar R.1; Huang, Yu 1
刊名	ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
	2016
卷号	16 期号:5 页码:3207-3225
关键词	UNITED-STATES SEQUESTRATION ECOSYSTEMS STORAGE SINKS TREE
通讯作者	Huang, RJ ; El-Haddad, I ; Prevot, ASH (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. ; Huang, RJ ; Prevot, ASH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, State Key Lab Loess & Quaternary Geol, Xian 710075, Peoples R China. ; Huang, RJ ; Prevot, ASH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, Key Lab Aerosol Chem & Phys, Xian 710075, Peoples R China. ; Huang, RJ (reprint author), Xiamen Huaxia Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Marine Sci, Xiamen 361024, Peoples R China.
英文摘要	During winter 2013-2014 aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) measurements were conducted for the first time with a novel PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter a parts per thousand currency sign 2.5 A mu m) lens in two major cities of China: Xi'an and Beijing. We denote the periods with visibility below 2 km as extreme haze and refer to the rest as reference periods. During the measurements in Xi'an an extreme haze covered the city for about a week and the total non-refractory (NR)-PM2.5 mass fraction reached peak concentrations of over 1000 A mu g m(-3). During the measurements in Beijing two extreme haze events occurred, but the temporal extent and the total concentrations reached during these events were lower than in Xi'an. Average PM2.5 concentrations of 537 +/- 146 and 243 +/- 47 A mu g m(-3) (including NR species and equivalent black carbon, eBC) were recorded during the extreme haze events in Xi'an and Beijing, respectively. During the reference periods the measured average concentrations were 140 +/- 99 A mu g m(-3) in Xi'an and 75 +/- 61 A mu g m(-3) in Beijing. The relative composition of the NR-PM2.5 evolved substantially during the extreme haze periods, with increased contributions of the inorganic components (mostly sulfate and nitrate). Our results suggest that the high relative humidity present during the extreme haze events had a strong effect on the increase of sulfate mass (via aqueous phase oxidation of sulfur dioxide). Another relevant characteristic of the extreme haze is the size of the measured particles. During the extreme haze events, the AMS showed much larger particles, with a volume weighted mode at about 800 to 1000 nm, in contrast to about 400 nm during reference periods. These large particle sizes made the use of the PM2.5 inlet crucial, especially during the severe haze events, where 39 +/- 5 % of the mass would have been lost in the conventional PM1 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter a parts per thousand currency sign 1 A mu m) inlet. A novel positive matrix factorization procedure was developed to apportion the sources of organic aerosols (OA) based on their mass spectra using the multilinear engine (ME-2) controlled via the source finder (SoFi). The procedure allows for an effective exploration of the solution space, a more objective selection of the best solution and an estimation of the rotational uncertainties. Our results clearly show an increase of the oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) mass during extreme haze events. The contribution of OOA to the total OA increased from the reference to the extreme haze periods from 16.2 +/- 1.1 to 31.3 +/- 1.5 % in Xi'an and from 15.7 +/- 0.7 to 25.0 +/- 1.2 % in Beijing. By contrast, during the reference periods the total OA mass was dominated by domestic emissions of primary aerosols from biomass burning in Xi'an (42.2 +/- 1.5 % of OA) and coal combustion in Beijing (55.2 +/- 1.6 % of OA). These two sources are also mostly responsible for extremely high polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations measured with the AMS (campaign average of 2.1 +/- 2.0aEuro-A mu gaEuro-m(-3) and frequent peak concentrations above 10 A mu g m(-3)). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first data set where the simultaneous extraction of these two primary sources could be achieved in China by conducting on-line AMS measurements at two areas with contrasted emission patterns.
学科主题	Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
类目[WOS]	Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS记录号	WOS:000374702000028
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.radi.ac.cn/handle/183411/39540]
专题	遥感与数字地球研究所_SCI/EI期刊论文_期刊论文
作者单位	1.Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, State Key Lab Loess & Quaternary Geol, Xian 710075, Peoples R China 3.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, Key Lab Aerosol Chem & Phys, Xian 710075, Peoples R China 4.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Key Lab Reg Climate Environm Res Temperate East A, Beijing, Peoples R China 5.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Environm Protect Key Lab Satellite Remote S, Beijing, Peoples R China 6.Xiamen Huaxia Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Marine Sci, Xiamen 361024, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Elser, Miriam,Huang, Ru-Jin,Wolf, Robert,et al. New insights into PM2.5 chemical composition and sources in two major cities in China during extreme haze events using aerosol mass spectrometry[J]. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,2016,16(5):3207-3225.
APA	Elser, Miriam.,Huang, Ru-Jin.,Wolf, Robert.,Slowik, Jay G..,Wang, Qiyuan.,...&Prevot, Andre S. H..(2016).New insights into PM2.5 chemical composition and sources in two major cities in China during extreme haze events using aerosol mass spectrometry.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,16(5),3207-3225.
MLA	Elser, Miriam,et al."New insights into PM2.5 chemical composition and sources in two major cities in China during extreme haze events using aerosol mass spectrometry".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 16.5(2016):3207-3225.