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题名	环境、单胺类神经递质系统对脑的某些高级认知功能的影响
作者	毛羽
学位类别	博士
答辩日期	2009-06
授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
授予地点	北京
导师	马原野
关键词	抑郁症 焦虑症 丰富环境 应激
其他题名	Effects of Environment, Monoamine System on Some Advanced Cognitive Functions of Brain
中文摘要	一些特殊的环境因素如：丰富环境、应激等能够对脑的某些高级认知功能产生广泛的影响。单胺类神经递质系统对脑的高级认知功能也起着重要的作用。我们在前人的工作基础上，通过实验进一步探讨了丰富环境、束缚应激及社会等级与抑郁症、焦虑症的关系，以及去甲肾上腺素β 受体系统与吗啡诱导的条件化环境线索记忆的获得和提取之间的关系。我们首先假设在未成年小鼠每天接受束缚应激刺激之后饲养于丰富环境中可能也会减轻小鼠慢性束缚应激导致的焦虑样或抑郁样的行为。经过14 天和28 天两个周期的环境处理，结合每天4 小时和8 小时的束缚应激和每天16 小时的丰富环境饲养，利用动物行为学方法检测小鼠焦虑样或抑郁样的行为。实验结果表明：（1）慢性束缚应激抑制了未成年小鼠体重的增加，丰富环境可能也是抑制体重增加的因素之一；（2）在强迫游泳测试中，慢性束缚应激可减轻未成年小鼠抑郁样的行为，但是丰富环境能够抑制束缚应激引起的未成年小鼠抑郁样的行为的降低，即丰富环境加重了其抑郁样的行为；（3）在黑白箱测试中，丰富环境能够提高未成年小鼠自发探索活动能力，但是对束缚应激引起焦虑样行为的降低没有影响。我们的第二个实验假设高等非人灵长类动物猕猴（Macaca mulatta）天然的社会等级关系产生的抑郁样的个体能够更好的模拟人类社群中自然形成的抑郁症的发病与病征，因此可能成为研究人群中自然状态下产生的抑郁症潜在的更为有效的实验动物模型。我们对几个猕猴群体的不同结构组成（性别、年龄、数量等）进行观察分析，首先筛选出抑郁样的猕猴个体，进而探讨在不同结构组成的猕猴群体中产生抑郁样个体的情况。结果表明：（1）社会等级地位高低与猕猴抑郁发病密切相关即最低地位的个体产生抑郁样个体的可能性最大；（2）猕猴群体密度增加，产生抑郁样个体的几率有增高的趋势；（3）在猕猴群体中产生雌性抑郁样个体几率有高于雄性的趋势；（4）抑郁样个体的产生可能与猕猴的年龄、群体性别构成等因素相关性不高。根据以往的研究发现阻断肾上腺素β受体干预环境条件化线索相关记忆的再巩固能够加快成瘾记忆的消退，却很少涉及β受体对这种记忆的获得和提取的影响。因此，我们利用小鼠吗啡诱导的条件化位置偏好模型和药理学方法探讨了β受体拮抗剂心得安对吗啡相关的环境条件化记忆的获得和提取的影响。实验结果表明：β受体不参与吗啡诱导环境线索记忆的获得，但可能加强记忆的提取，提示激活β受体可能加快对吗啡依赖条件化环境线索相关记忆的消退。
英文摘要	Some special environmental factors such as environmental enrichment (EE) and stress, affect broadly on some advanced cognitive functions of a brain. In addition, the monoamine system also plays important role in these advanced brain functions. Basing on the previous research, therefore, we did a series further research on the relationships between depression/anxiety and three environment factors, including EE, restraint stress (RS) and social status. Besides, we researched on the relationship between the β adrenergic receptor system and acquisition/retrieval of morphine- induced environment conditioned memory. In the first research work, we hypothesized that EE treatment after RS in the same day may reduce the depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors induced by the chronic RS in pre-adult mice. We, therefore, applied periods of 14 days’ and 28 days’ environments factors，and RS 4h/8h+EE 16h every day to create behaviors, which test by animal depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors model. Our conclusion is: 1) Chronic RS can inhabit the increase of body weight of pre-adult mice, and the same to that of the EE; 2) EE can inhibition the decrease of depression-like behavior induced by RS in the forced swimming test model, that is to say EE aggravates the depression-like behavior; 3) EE can increase the spontaneous exploring behavior, but can not affect the decrease of anxiety-like behavior induced by RS. Our another hypothesis was that depression-like individuals produced naturally in Macaca mulatta colony , which is one of the social statues primates, could mimic better individuals can produce more depressed ones; 2) The more density of monkey colony is, the more depressed individuals can be produced; 3) The tendency of the proportion of the depression in female monkey is more than that of male ones; 4) Some factors such as age, gender etc. could not be related to the proportion of the depression. In the last research work, there is not any report about whether β receptors play the role in the acquisition and retrieval of morphine-conditioned place preference (CPP) memories in mice. We, therefore, did research on the pharmacological effects of propranolol, one of the β receptors antagonists, on the acquisition and retrieval of cue memories in the morphine induced CPP. Our conclusion is that β receptor may not affect the acquisition, but enhance retrieval, which suggested that activating β receptor may strengthen the extinction of cue memories in morphine-CPP.
语种	中文
公开日期	2010-11-12
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/6480]
专题	昆明动物研究所_认知障碍病理学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	毛羽. 环境、单胺类神经递质系统对脑的某些高级认知功能的影响[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2009.

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