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题名	中国南方棘蛙类群（Quasipaa）的系统地理学研究
作者	颜芳
学位类别	博士
答辩日期	2013-05
授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
授予地点	北京
导师	张亚平
关键词	系统地理学 中国南方地区 棘蛙 物种多样性 谱系分化 东亚季风 二三级地势 水系变迁
其他题名	Phylogeography of Quasipaa in southern China
学位专业	遗传学
中文摘要	系统地理学是一门研究遗传谱系空间分布状况和成因的学科。该学科的研究结果有助于揭示物种形成的规律，评估生物多样性及形成，制定生物的保护策略等。中国南方地区经历了多个重大的地质历史事件，拥有复杂多样的地理特征，但目前该区域的系统地理学研究还比较有限。我们选取了广泛分布于中国南方地区的棘蛙类群为对象，从种间和种内不同的尺度进行了系统地理学的研究。我们的研究结果显示中国南方棘蛙类群具有隐存的物种多样性，揭示该区域物种多样性还没有被充分认识，应得到更多的关注；另外，中国南方地区古地质和古气候的演变是影响该类群种间和种内谱系分化的主要影响因素。 第一章，我们简要概述了系统地理学这门学科。从该学科首次被提出来，到该学科新近的发展，介绍了该学科的概念、研究内容、研究意义、一般的研究思路、新的研究方法，和一些经验模式。另外，我们总结了中国南方地区系统地理学研究的概况，并介绍了两栖类物种在系统地理学研究中的应用和价值。 第二章，我们进行了中国南方地区棘蛙类群种间尺度的系统地理学研究。我们收集了覆盖该类群分布地的59个地点的120个样品，应用一段线粒体基因和两段核基因为分子标记，构建了线粒体基因的系统发育关系和核基因的网络图，计算了棘蛙类群的遗传分化程度，估算了各支系的分化时间。研究结果揭示中国南方地区的棘蛙类群具有隐存的物种多样性。另外影响该类群谱系分化的主要因素是中国南方地区季风气候的形成和中国二三级阶梯的差异。同时我们的结果提示为了该类群的可持续生存，某些物种和地区应该得到重点优先保护。 第三章，以前一章种间尺度的研究为基础，我们选取了分布范围较广的棘腹蛙为对象，进行了种内尺度的系统地理学研究。经过进一步样品收集，我们共获得了45个地点的340个样品。应用一段线粒体基因和一段核基因内含子片段，我们构建了系统发育关系，计算了棘腹蛙的遗传分化，估算了其时间和空间历史，并使用三种方法计算了其群体历史。研究结果揭示棘腹蛙具有比较古老的遗传分化，我们推测西南地区的地质历史事件是棘腹蛙群体分化的主要因素；长江中上游水系的贯通促进了该物种从长江上游地区分布到长江中游；而第四纪冰期的气候波动对该物种并没有显著的影响。另外我们的结果显示四川盆地的西南地区是线粒体支系的二次接触地带，该区域是棘腹蛙的遗传保存库，应该得到优先保护。 第四章，我们对本论文的工作进行了总结，指出中国南方地区在全球生物多样性保护中具有重要地位，该地区迫切需要得到深入全面的研究。同时基于目前的结果，提出我们可以进行的下一步工作。二次接触地带是研究物种形成的天然平台，我们可以使用二代测序的方法获得大量核基因信息，进行物种形成和物种保持机制的深入研究。
英文摘要	Phylogeography is a field of research mainly focuses on the principles and processes of the genealogical distribution. The results from phylogeographic research are conducive for several studies, such as the speciation, estimation of biodiversity, conservation, and so on. Southern China harbored several important geological events and complex geographical fealture. However, phylogeographic research in this region is limited and mainly focuses on the plant. We used the Quasipaa, the spiny frog broad distributed in southern China, to study the influence caused by paleoclimatic and paleogeological events from interspecific and intraspecific scales. Our research showed that Quasipaa in southern China harbored cryptic species diversity, which implied that the biodiversity in sourthern China was still need to investigate. Besides, the paleogeological and paleoclimatic events were main drivers of genetic structuring in Quasipaa. In chapter one, we mainly introduced the Phylogeography. From first proposed to rencent development of this field, we introduced the concept, contents, research significance, the general research ideas, new methods, and some empirical model. In addition, we summarized the research situation of the phylogeography in southern China, and introduced the application and value of amphibians in this field. In chapter two, we studied the interspecific phylogeography of Quasipaa in southern China. We collected 120 samples from 59 locations throughout the range of Quasipaa in southern China. Using one mitochondrial gene and two nuclear gene fragments as molecular marker, we constructed mitochondrial phylogeny and nuclear network diagram, calculated the genetic divergence of Quasipaa, and estimated the divergence time. The results revealed the cryptic species diversity in southern China. The main factors affected the lineage divergence is the formation of monsoon climate and the difference between the secondary and third terrain in southern China. For the sustainable survival of Quasipaa, some species and areas should be priority protected. In chapter three, based on the previous study in last chapter, we studied the intraspecific phylogeography of Quasipaa boulengeri. We obtained a total of 340 samples from 45 locations after further samples collected. Using a mitochondrial genes and a nuclear gene intron fragment, we constructed phylogenetic relationship, calculated the genetic differentiation, estimated the spatial and temporal history, and simulated the population historical demography by three methods. The results reveal the old genetic divergence, which mainly caused by the geologic events in southwestern China. The paleodrainages development, unification of the upper and middle Yangtze River in the Three Gorges mountain region, mediated downstream colonization of Quasipaa boulengeri. While pleistocene climatic oscillations do not appear to be of consequence for this species. Besides, our results show the southwestern area of Sichuan Basin is the area of secondary contact for several matrilines, and this area deserves further study and special protection. In chapter four, we summarize the research of this paper, specially suggested that southern China is important in the global biodiversity conservation, this region is needed in-depth and comprehensive study. At the same time, based on the present results, we proposed the next step of work. The contact zone is a natural platform for the research of speciation, we could use the methods based on the second generation sequencing to study the molecular mechanisms of speciation.
语种	中文
公开日期	2013-06-06
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/7452]
专题	昆明动物研究所_分子进化基因组学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	颜芳. 中国南方棘蛙类群（Quasipaa）的系统地理学研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2013.

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