PFOS is a new persistent organic pollution, which distributed worldwide. Study the transport rules of PFOS, and reveal the sink of PFOS in environment is an important study direction at present. The thesis indented to study the behavior of PFOS on the environmental interface through its sorption and desorption on kinds of sorbents, and summarize the sorption rule of PFOS. Furthermore, Fourier-infrared (FT-IR) spectra and X-ray near edge spectra (XANES) were used to study the microscopic structures of PFOS. The distribution of PFOS in estuary was investigated to find the most important affecting environmental factors and reveal the transport rule of PFOS in aquatic environment. The sorption isotherms of PFOS on soil were nonlinear, fitting for the Langmuir sorption model. The modeled maximum sorption amount of the six soil were in the range of 6.80~30.04 mg/Kg. There was no significant relationship between the sorption and the physicochemical characteristics of soil, the component of organic and inorganic matter of soil affected the sorption of PFOS on soil jointly. The sorption ability of soil after humic acid extraction was greater than the soil without treatment, and the linearity also increased. The desorption experiment suggested that the sorption of PFOS on treated soil were all irreversible. Analyzed with the sorption experiment of PFOS with clay, humic acid and model sorbent, we found that the combination of clay and humic acid would change the structure of clay, and decrease the sorption of PFOS on clay. The sorption of PFOS on goethite was affected by pH, ionic strength and the ionic solution itself. The sorption amount of PFOS on goethite decreased when the pH value increased, and increased with the increasing of ionic strength. In the sorption system had divalent cation, more PFOS could sorb onto goethite. PFOS sorbed onto goethite through static attraction and subsurface adsorption such as duplex complexes and triple complexes. Subsurface adsorption caused the sorption irreversibility of PFOS, and the sorption irreversibility increased for the appearance of divalent cation. There was characteristic absorption peak of Fe-O-S in the FT-IR spectra of sorption samples, which proved that PFOS sorbed on goethite through chemical bond. There was significant displacement of the main absorption peaks in XANES, which suggested the electron environment of S in PFOS changed after the sorption. S in PFOS was attracted by O atom in goethite, and its main absorption peak moved to lower energy. PFOS acted as a polar organic pollutant. We investigated the distribution of PFOS in the water and sediment from Yangtze River Estuary. The concentration of PFOS in water samples ranged from 703.0 to 36.3 ng/L. Human activities contributed a lot to this pollution. The concentration of PFOS in sediment samples ranged from 38.4 to 536.7 ng/g, and decreased as the sampling depth increased. The result reflected the pollution of PFOS in this area became more serious in recent years. Analyzed with the results of sorption experiment and the correlation between Kd and salinity, it was clear that the affinity of PFOS onto sediment increased with salinity. Estuary is one of the important sink for PFOS, we should pay more attention to this area.