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题名	若干南方和北方中国古玻璃的研究
作者	李飞
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2005
授予单位	中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所
导师	干福熹
关键词	古玻璃 质子激发X荧光 成分分析 着色 古代丝绸之路
其他题名	Research on some ancient glasses unearthed in South China and North China
中文摘要	本论文简要介绍了中国古玻璃的研究现状及其发展状况。在相关文博单位的帮助下，将中国古代玻璃的研究与现代科学分析技术相结合，对中国南方和北方部分地区出土的古代玻璃进行了化学成分测定和微观结构分析。 应用质子激发X荧光分析，对中国重庆地区、广西合浦地区、内蒙古地区以及博山出土的古代玻璃进行了化学成分分析，分析结果表明：（l）质子激发X荧光技术是一种高灵敏度、非破坏性、多元素定量测定的有效方法，能对古玻璃的化学成分进行准确测定。（2）重庆地区出土的古玻璃中，战国时期的玻璃璧和蜻蜓眼玻璃珠均属于铅钡硅酸盐玻璃系统，从成分和外型特征看，这些样品都为中国自制的：而六朝时期的耳挡、玻璃珠的化学成分呈现多样性，"有钾钙硅酸盐玻璃、钾硅酸盐玻璃系统等。（3）广西合浦地区出土的古代玻璃绝大多数属于钾硅酸盐玻璃系统，有很少一部分属于铅钡硅酸盐玻璃系统，还可能存在着外来的钠钙硅酸盐玻璃系统。铅钡硅酸盐玻璃和钾硅酸盐玻璃都是当地自制的。（4）内蒙古地区出土的玻璃中，西周时期的玻璃珠是含有少量KZO和CaO助熔剂的釉砂，其主要成分为SiO2；汉代的玻璃珠属于铅硅酸盐玻璃系统；多数元代的玻璃制品和部分北魏时期的玻璃珠属于钾钙硅酸盐玻璃系统。博山出土的元末明初的玻璃基本为钾钙硅酸盐玻璃系统，并采用了Cu、Fe等微量元素作为着色剂。 应用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜技术，对中国出土的一部分古代玻璃样品进行了分析，结果表明，大部分出土的古代玻璃中均存在着一定的析晶现象，这一现象在X射线衍射图谱和背散射、二次电子像中均有体现。过渡金属的矿物在古玻璃制造过程中得到了广泛的应用，本文分析了Fe、Cu、CO、Mn等过渡金属元素在古玻璃着色中的最早应用及其发展。此外，结合实验结果和文献资料，对中国古玻璃的技术传播以及古代丝绸之路的相关问题进行了讨论。
英文摘要	In this paper, the status quo and development of the research of Chinese ancient glass were reviewed. Under the help of relevant archeology institutes and museums, we combined the Chinese ancient glass research with modern and scientific analysis technique to determine chemical composition of ancient glasses unearthed in some regions of South China and North China, as well as analyze their microstructure. The chemical composition of ancient glasses unearthed in Chongqing , Hepu, Neimenggu and Boshan areas was measured by Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique. The analyzed results indicated that: PIXE technique was a kind of effective multi-element quantitative analysismethod with high sensitivity and without destruction of samples which coulddetermine the chemical composition of ancient glass accurately. Of the ancient glasses unearthed in Chongqing area, the glass Bi (disc) andthe glass dragonfly eye beads of the Warring States Period all belonged to thelead-barium-silicate glass system. According to the composition and shape, wethought that these glass Bi and eye beads were made in China. Whereas, the chemicalcomposition of the glass eardrops and beads of the Six Dynasties Period was various,there were potash-lime-silicate, potash-silicate and other glass systems. Of the ancient glasses unearthed in Hepu area, Guangxi Province, most ofthem belonged to potash-silicate glass system and a small part of them belonged tolead-barium-silicate glass system. It was possible that there existed somesoda-lime-silicate glasses imported from abroad. Potash-silicate glass andlead-barium-silicate glass were both made locally. Of the glasses unearthed from Neimenggu area, the glass bead of theWestern Zhou Period was actually faience, which contained mainly S1O2 and few K2O and CaO flux. The glass beads of the Han Dynasty belonged to the lead-silicate glass system. Most of the glasses of the Yuan Dynasty and some beads of the Northern Wei Dynasty belonged to potash-lime-silicate glass system. While all the glasses unearthed from Boshan primarily belonged to potash-lime-silicate glass system, with the Cu and Fe ions as the main coloring elements. Adopting XRD and SEM technique, we analyzed some Chinese ancient glasses, and the analyzed results showed that crystallization existed in a majority of the ancient glasses. This phenomenon was embodied in XRD pattern and back-scattering and secondary electron images. Minerals of transitional metal were used extensively in the process of glassmaking, and this paper also made an analysis on the earliest application and development of Fe> Cu> CON Mn elements in the coloring process of ancient glass. In addition, based on experimental results and literature information, this thesis also discussed some related questions on technological spreading of Chinese ancient glass and the ancient silk road.
语种	中文
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.siom.ac.cn/handle/181231/16463]
专题	上海光学精密机械研究所_学位论文
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	李飞. 若干南方和北方中国古玻璃的研究[D]. 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所. 2005.

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