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题名	卫星相对运动轨迹光学模拟器的研究
作者	孙建锋
学位类别	博士
答辩日期	2005
授予单位	中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所
导师	刘立人
关键词	星间激光通信 地面检测验证 卫星相对运动轨迹光学模拟器 计算机控制 装校
其他题名	Research on the Satellite Trajectory Optical Simulator
中文摘要	随着人类社会的发展，人们对信息量的需求日益增加，星间激光通信受到越来越大的重视。星间激光通信系统具有通信容量大、小型化、保密性好、能耗低和成本低廉等优点，但是星间激光通信终端在进行飞行在轨测试之前必须要事先经过一系列严格的地面检测验证试验。卫星相对运动轨迹光学模拟器是星间激光通信系统地面检测验证平台的关键组成部分之一，可以完成任意两个卫星之间相对运动轨迹的模拟，结合标准激光通信测试终端可以进行终端动态性能的测试。本文从以下几个方面对卫星相对运动轨迹光学模拟器进行了讨论：1、介绍了卫星相对运动轨迹模拟器的基本原理，并且借助于坐标变换和矢量形式的折射定理推导出了精确的偏转角和方位角公式，利用旋转双棱镜系统的偏转角只和两个棱镜相对位置有关的特点，巧妙的获得了精确的控制关系，并提供了详细的步骤和实例，为模拟器的设计和使用打下了坚实的基础。2、从卫星相对运动轨迹的实际情况出发，确定了模拟器的主要技术指标，提出了采用两对蜗轮蜗杆副驱动两个镜筒独立转动，从而带动两个棱镜旋转的方案。为了降低系统机械传动链的小周期误差，在设计时引入了一对阻尼马达，阻尼马达的引入可以消除蜗轮蜗杆传动过程中的间隙，从而大大提高系统机械传动链的精度。模拟器的驱动源采用进口步进马达，阻尼源采用力矩电机，还讨论该装置的装校和自检验方法。3、从模拟器的实际要求出发，首先介绍了控制系统的总体设计方案，提出I了控制系统的设计目标；然后着重讲述了控制系统参数的优化设计，采用遗传算法对控制系统进行了优化，并利用优化结果进行了轨迹模拟。在仿真的过程中引入了力矩扰动和编码器误差，通过分析发现所设计的系统是稳定、快速、准确的，能够满足卫星相对运动轨迹的模拟要求。在第六章中讨论了像差对星间激光通信系统相互对准误差的影响。为了解决中心遮挡系统的像差问题，引入了修正的Zernike多项式，修正后的多项式在圆孔平面上有正交完备集合。通过计算发现，不同像差的影响各不相同，有的像差只影响视轴的方向，有的像差只影响强度分布，同时有的像差既影响视轴的方向，又影响强度分布。第六章中还研究了旋转双棱镜对入射光束形状的影响。通过讨论发现，旋转双棱镜对入射光束的变形只和两个棱镜的相对位置有关，和两个棱镜的绝对位置没有关系。和单个棱镜的情况不同的是：旋转双棱镜在有的方向表现出对入射光束的压缩，而同时在其它方向表现出对入射光束的拉伸。当两个棱镜的夹角为O度时，只存在压缩现象；当夹角为180度时，对入射光束的形状不产生影响。
英文摘要	Satellite technology, computers and digital communication are the most advanced technical innovations of the 21th century. Unsurprisingly, inter-satellite laser communications will play more and more important roles in the future satellite communication system. While the laser communication technology offers obvious advantages, including high data transmission, smaller antenna size and weight and reduced power consumption. The satellite laser communication terminal must be tested and validated on the ground before in flight test. Satellite trajectory optical simulator is one of the critical parts of the ground testbed for inter-satellite laser communications. Combining with the standard laser test terminal, the dynamical performances of the terminal can be evaluated. In this dissertation, the following parts are discussed: The basic theory of the satellite trajectory optical simulator is detailed utilizing the vector refraction theory and the coordinate transform theory. To solve the control problem, the control relationship is obtained by the rigorous computer program. The control relationship is the basis of the computer control system. Presents the main technical specifications of the system in terms of the actual satellite trajectory. Advances the double worms and gears project. To improve the precision of the simulator, two damping motor are introduced to the system. The actuators are the step motors; the damping motors are torque motors. The design and fabrication are given. The install and adjust are discussed too. 3. Addresses the control scheme on the basis of the control requirements. The parameters of the controllers are tuned by genetic arithmetic. The actual satellite trajectories are simulated using the designed control scheme. The torque disturbances and the encoders' errors are considered too. From the simulated results we find that the designed control scheme can satisfied the design requirements. In chapter 6 Mutual alignment errors due to the wave-front aberrations in inter-satellite laser communications is presented. To solve the central obscured problem, we introduce the modified Zernike polynomials which are a set of complete orthogonal polynomials. It is found that different aberrations have different effects on the mutual alignment errors. Some aberrations only influence the line of sight, while some aberrations influence both line of sight and the intensity distributions. Distortion of the beam shape by the rotating double-prism wide-angle laser beam scanner is studied. Using the rigorous results, the distortion of the beam shape was discussed. The distortion of the beam shape is varying with the different relative angle of the double prisms. According to the conservation of the energy, the distribution of the laser intensity is changed, too.
语种	中文
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.siom.ac.cn/handle/181231/15441]
专题	上海光学精密机械研究所_学位论文
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	孙建锋. 卫星相对运动轨迹光学模拟器的研究[D]. 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所. 2005.

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