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题名	北京市住宅建筑生命周期碳足迹变化研究
作者	肖雅心
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2015-05
授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
授予地点	北京
导师	杨建新
关键词	住宅建筑，动态清单，生命周期评价，碳足迹，能源与建筑材料，residential buildings, dynamic inventory, life cycle assessment, carbon foot-print, energy and building materials.
其他题名	Life Cycle Carbon Footprint of the Residential Buildings in Beijing
学位专业	产业生态学
中文摘要	从生命周期角度看，建筑碳足迹与能源和建材生产系统具有密切关系。近年来，随着技术进步和节能减排等一些列政策的推进，能源生产﹑使用和建筑材料生产的环境排放不断降低，从而间接影响建筑的生命周期环境表现。另一方面，住宅建筑本身的节材﹑节能和减排措施也有了一定的成效，从而影响到住宅建筑系统的碳足迹变化。本研究以北京市为例，应用生命周期清单分析方法，分析过去20 年间能源生产﹑使用﹑建材生产及住宅建设﹑使用和拆除等生命周期过程的碳排放及其变化，揭示北京市住宅建筑系统的碳足迹总量变化特征并进行未来发展预测，提出相应的政策建议，以支持建筑业可持续发展。主要研究内容包括： （一）建立了多时段能源生产﹑使用和建筑材料生产的动态生命周期清单，并核算碳足迹以了解其变化趋势。清单结果表明单位能源生产﹑使用和建材生产过程的碳足迹呈现逐年降低的趋势。 （二）构建了建筑生命周期碳足迹核算模型，基于所建立的多时段的能源﹑建材等基础清单，核算了北京市不同结构住宅建筑的多时段碳足迹。主要结论为：住宅建筑生命周期碳足迹逐年降低，降幅约25%；使用阶段是碳足迹的主要来源，而建筑材料生产阶段的减碳比最高，达46.4%，因此这两个阶段是建筑生命周期碳减排的关键；砖混结构的碳足迹占总量的比例越来越小，而剪力墙结构占比越来越大，主要受建筑面积比例变化影响。研究建立动﹑静态评价对比分析，结果显示动态核算结果低于静态核算结果。 （三）构建了北京市住宅建筑系统的碳足迹总量核算模型，并对北京市住宅建筑系统1989-2013 年间以五年为一个单元进行了碳足迹总量动态核算。研究分析得出影响住宅建筑系统碳足迹总量变化趋势的主要动态因子包括：能源生产﹑使用和建材生产过程碳足迹﹑建筑生命周期内建材生产阶段和使用阶段碳足迹﹑建筑面积。 （四）应用情景分析对北京市住宅建筑系统碳足迹总量未来趋势进行了预测并提出了相应的政策建议。针对能源生产和使用﹑建材生产﹑建筑建设和使用以及建筑面积变化等因子分别设置了不同的情景方案，研究各情景下各因素的减碳幅度。研究结果表明，综合情景的减碳幅度最明显，且实现了碳足迹总量的负增长。虽然使用阶段的节能减排对住宅建筑系统的碳足迹总量降低成效较为明显，但是政府在制定政策时，应该针对各个阶段和各个影响因素分别制定有效的政策，并综合实施，实现政策之间的协同作用，达成建筑业的低碳﹑可持续发展目标。政策制定不应仅限于建筑业，而应着眼于与其相关的各个产业的协调发展。
英文摘要	The carbon foot-print of buildings are related to the energy and building materials production system. With the advancement of technology innovation and energy conservation policies, energy production and use, as well as the production of building materials in China have been reducing its environmental emissions, and thus will influence on the environmental proformance of buildings indirectly. On the other hand, in design and construction process, the consumption of energy and materials has been decreasing, which will affect the trend of carbon foot-print of the residential building system. In this study, it takes Beijin as an example, analyzes the change of carbon foot-print of residential buildings within the whole life cycles, in context of the energy prodction and use ﹑ building materials manufacturing ﹑ construction and demolition in past 20 years. It also revealing the variation of the carbon foot-print of residential building systems in Beijing and making a forecast, in order to propose appropriate policies to supprot the sustainable development of the construction industry. The main points can be summarized as follows:     i. It established a dynamic life cycle inventory of energy production and use and building materials manufacturing to help develop the model of the carbon foot-print of buildings. The inventory results show that the carbon foot-print of energy production and use and building materials manufacturing based on function unit had been decreasing.     ii. It builds a life cycle carbon foot-print accounting model of building. Based on the time-serial energy and building materials inventory, calculating the carbon emisson of different sttructures of residential buildings in Beijing at different times.The results presented that the life cycle carbon footprint of residential buildings reducing year by year, and the decline rate is about 25% in the past 20 years. The use phase is the main source from life cycle point of view. And the building materials production stage had been reducing sharply by 46.4%. Anyway the use phase is the key stages of the carbon reducing of residential buildings. Brick-concrete structure experienced a drop proportion in total carbon emssions while shell-wall structure had a raise, mainly due to the ratio change of construction area. A dynamic and a statistic assessment has been calculated. The result of dynamic assessment shows a lower impacts than that of static accounting.     iii. It estabilshed a model to calculate the carbon foot-print of residential building systems in Beijing, and make a dynamic accounting of the carbon foot-print of Beijing residential building systems in 1989-2013. The dynamic factors affecting the change trends of carbon foot-print of residential building systems contain are indentified as the carbon foot-print of energy production and use and building materials production process.     iv. It also presented the future of the carbon foot-print of residential building systems in Beijing by scenario analysis. And proposed some related policies. In consideration of energy prodution and use ﹑ materials production ﹑ as well as the building constructioncon and use it developed the different scenarios to indentify the carbon reduction change under various conditions. The comprehensive scenario showed the most obvious reduction and achieved a negati growth of the carbon emissions. Although energy savings in the use phase has a strong reduction of the carbon foot-print, but in the formulation of policies, the government should develop different effective policies aiming at various stages and factors. Policymakers should not be limited to the construction industry, but to focus on the coordination of various industrial sectors.
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/34448]
专题	生态环境研究中心_城市与区域生态国家重点实验室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	肖雅心. 北京市住宅建筑生命周期碳足迹变化研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2015.

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