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题名	不同文化下公正世界信念、心理弹性与生活满意度的关系——以中美高中生为例
作者	董楠
学位类别	同等学力硕士
答辩日期	2012
授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
授予地点	北京
导师	陈毅文
关键词	公正世界信念 心理弹性 生活满意度 文化类别 高中生
其他题名	The Relation of Belief in a Just world, Resilience and Satisfaction with Life in two cultural groups:__Taking high school students for example
学位专业	心理学
中文摘要	信念系统在维持社会结构中的作用以及对心理和行为的主导作用一直是心理学家关心的一个课题。公正世界信念指出，正是基于笃信人们各得其所，世界是公正的，个体才能相信所处的世界稳定有序，从而能够面对并适应它。个体会采取“贬损受害者”的方式来维护自己的公正世界信念，这是早期研究所关注的消极方面，随着积极心理学影响的扩大，研究者们也发现公正世界信念作为一种个人资源，能缓解压力，减少消极情绪，增强主观幸福感。心理弹性（Resilience）对于保护个体在逆境中成长并维护其心理健康、增强主观幸福感有积极作用。生活满意度作为主观幸福感的重要组成部分及衡量标准之一，越来越多地受到积极心理学研究者们的关注。 本研究以中美高中生群体作为研究对象，通过问卷调查的形式研究不同文化背景下公正世界信念、心理弹性的的差异、相关因素及二者对生活满意度的影响。 结果显示，1）中美高中生的公正世界信念存在显著差异：中国学生的一般公正世界信念显著高于美国学生，而个人公正世界信念显著低于后者；一般公正世界信念在中国学生中有显著性别差异，而在美国学生中该差异不显著；2）中美高中生的心理弹性存在差异，美国高中生的心理弹性显著高于中国高中生；3）心理弹性在两国高中生群体中均与公正世界信念相关：在中国学生中与一般公正世界信念的相关更显著，在美国学生中与个人公正世界信念的相关更显著；4）中美高中生的生活满意度存在显著差异：中国学生的生活满意度显著低于美国学生；中国女生的生活满意度高于男生；美国学生中生活满意度不存在性别差异；5）个人公正世界信念与心理弹性对生活满意度的影响显著：中国学生中，心理弹性部分中介个人公正世界信念对生活满意度的影响；美国学生中，心理弹性部分中介一般公正世界信念和个人公正世界信念对生活满意度的影响。
英文摘要	Social theorists have been interested in the role of belief system in maintenance the social structure and its dominance in psychology and behavior. The theory of belief in a just world (BJW) enables the individual to confront his physical and social environment as though they were stable and orderly. BJW includes general belief in a just world (GBJW) which direct to others and personal belief in a just world (PBJW) which direct to oneself. Early researches focused on “victim derogation”, which is the negative role of BJW. Later, BJW was found to play a positive role as a buffer against anger, which relieves one’s pressure as well as improving the subjective well-being (SWB). Resilience protects individuals in the adverse circumstance and also plays a positive role in maintaining the mental health and enhancing the SWB. As an important component and a standard of SWB, satisfaction with life (SWL) draws more and more attention of positive psychology researchers. The objective of this research is to examine the differences of BJW and resilience among different culture groups, and to explore their correlate factors as well as their influence on SWL. 325 valid questionnaires were collected among high school students which includes 189 Chinese and 136 Americans. The result indicates that: 1) BJW has significant difference among two different culture groups; Chinese students have higher GBJW and lower PBJW than American students. Chinese students’ GBJW has significant differences among female and male, while American students don’t have that difference. 2) Resilience significantly differs among two cultural groups; Resilience of American students is stronger than Chinese students. 3) Resilience significantly correlates BJW and SWL in two different cultural groups. Chinese students’ resilience correlates more significantly with GBJW while American students’ resilience more correlates with PBJW. 4) Chinese students’ SWL is lower than American students. Female have higher SWL than male in Chinese students but not in American peers. 5) In two groups, PBJW and resilience have effect on SWL: Resilience partly mediates the effect between PBJW and SWL among Chinese students, the same role appears in the relation between PBJW and SWL among American students.
语种	中文
学科主题	应用心理学
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/20657]
专题	心理研究所_社会与工程心理学研究室
作者单位	中国科学院心理研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	董楠. 不同文化下公正世界信念、心理弹性与生活满意度的关系——以中美高中生为例[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2012.

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