The friction coefficients of diamond and hydrogen-free diamond-like carbon films were reported to be in an intermediate range, from 0.2 to 0.4, in oxygen atmosphere, but the mechanism has not been explored. Herein, by using first-principles calculations, we attempt to fill this gap by providing atomistic insights into the bonding behaviors of oxygen atom(s) at interfaces constructed by two self-mated diamond (001) or (111) surfaces. The effect of the interfacial oxygen coverage on the optimized interfacial structures is highlighted. The results show that if the oxygen coverage is not higher than 0.5, the two surfaces tend to be connected by oxygen atoms by formation of C–O–C bonds, and thus high friction is expected. Otherwise, the two surfaces keep being separated, and thus low friction is expected. The interfacial electron distributions are manifested to underlie the structural optimizations. Insights gained here together with the findings of T. E. Derry et al. concerning oxygen coverage on diamond surfaces contribute to understanding the unusual frictional behavior of hydrogen-free diamond-like carbons in oxygen atmosphere.