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题名	利用GPS技术监测川滇地块的地壳形变
作者	康四林
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2010-05-31
授予单位	中国科学院研究生院（云南天文台）
授予地点	北京
导师	熊耀恒
关键词	GPS 川滇地块 断裂 地壳形变 地震
学位专业	天体测量与天体力学
中文摘要	川滇地块是中国大陆地壳运动最活跃的地区之一，具有特殊的构造和复杂的边界条件，由现今构造活动强烈的鲜水河断裂、安宁河断裂、则木河断裂、小江断裂、红河断裂、金沙江断裂所围成。川滇地块独特的地质构造为本文的研究提供了条件，而中国地壳运动观测网络高精度的GPS监测又为本文的研究提供了定量依据。 本文系统地介绍了GPS的空间部分、地面控制部分和用户部分的发展状况及其作用，并对GPS定位的基本原理做了阐述。针对GPS定位中的重要误差进行了系统的分析，并提出了具体的误差修正模型及各种减小或消除误差的方法。同时对GPS数据处理软件GAMIT/GLOBK做了简单的介绍。 本文利用中国地壳运动观测网络1999年到2006年期间的观测数据，计算出了川滇地块及其邻区内151个监测站在欧亚参考框架下的水平速度。分析川滇地块及其邻区内测站运动方向的变化得出：川滇地块及其邻区在围绕喜马拉雅东结点作顺时针旋转，川滇地块南北方向上存在明显的挤压，东西方向上存在延伸现象。使用最小二乘法分别求得川滇地块、川西北次级块体、滇中次级块体的整体运动速度。通过分别研究鲜水河断裂、安宁河断裂、则木河断裂、小江断裂、红河断裂、金沙江断裂两侧GPS监测站的监测结果，得出上述六大断裂的运动速率和运动方向及断裂性质。 本文对昆明基准站坐标时间序列进行了线性拟合，通过研究昆明站时间序列的非线性部分，发现昆明站南北向和东西向坐标时间序列没有明显的周期变化或规律性变化，高程方向坐标时间序列有幅度达40mm左右的年周期变化。研究了极潮和大气压对昆明站位移的影响。研究了昆明站在水平方向的加速运动现象与云南及周边地区发生的地震之间的时间关系，研究发现在云南及周边地区发生大的地震以前，昆明基准站水平方向的运动会出现明显的加速运动现象。
英文摘要	Chuan-Dian block is one of the most active crustal movement areas in China, with special structure and complex boundary condition. Chuan-Dian block is surrounded with Xian-Shui-He fault、An-Ning-He fault、Ze-Mu-He fault、Xiao-Jiang fault、Hong-He fault and Jin-Sha-Jiang fault which have intense tectonic activity at nowadays. The unique geological structure of Chuan-Dian block is worth studying and the precision GPS monitor of Crustal Movement Observation Network in China can provides a quantitative basis. The development status and basic principle of GPS positioning are introduced, including space segment, ground control segment and user part. The GPS positioning errors is systematic analysised, the specific model and a variety of other error correction measures to reduce or eliminate the errors is proposed. The GAMIT/GLOBK software which are used to process GPS monitor data is also simply introduced. Take advantage of the observational data during 1999 to 2006 of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China, the horizontal movement velocity on the Eurasian reference frame of 151 stations of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China in the Chuan-Dian block and its adjacent areas is calculated. Movement direction of observational stations in the Chuan-Dian block and its adjacent areas are analysised, then the result that the Chuan-Dian block and its adjacent areas done clockwise rotation center on the eastern Himalayan node, and the Chuan-Dian block north-south direction exists obvious squeeze and the east-west direction exists extension is obtained. Using least-squares fitting, it is obtained that movement velocity and direction of Chuan-Dian block、Chuan-Northwest block and Dian-Middle block respectively. Through studying both sides GPS monitoring results of Xian-Shui-He fault、An-Ning-He fault、Ze-Mu-He fault、Xiao-Jiang fault、Hong-He fault and Jin-Sha-Jiang fault respectively, six faults movement speed and fault properties is obtained. The time series of coordinates at Kunming fiducial station is fitting by using the linear model. The non-linear part of the time series showed that the east-west and south-north coordinates’ time series hasn’t obvious periodic variation, elevation direction coordinates’ time series has annual period variation. Pole Tide and atmospheric pressure lead to the displacement of the Kunming station. The relationship between the time that Kunming fiducial station horizontal accelerated movement and the time that surrounding areas in Yunnan occur in earthquake is researched. The conclusion is drawn that Kunming fiducial station horizontal direction to appear apparent phenomenon of accelerated movement before surrounding areas in Yunnan occur in a major earthquake.
语种	中文
学科主题	天文学
公开日期	2016-05-03
页码	80
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.ynao.ac.cn/handle/114a53/7354]
专题	云南天文台_应用天文研究组
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	康四林. 利用GPS技术监测川滇地块的地壳形变[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院（云南天文台）. 2010.

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