| 题名 | 全息波前传感方法与动态全息自适应光学研究 |
| 作者 | 姚凯男 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2015-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 导师 | 王建立 |
| 关键词 | 自适应光学 波前传感器 全息术 波前校正器 |
| 其他题名 | Study on holographic wavefront sensing method anddynamic holographic adaptive optics |
| 学位专业 | 机械电子工程 |
| 中文摘要 | 波前传感器是自适应光学系统的重要组成部分，其作为反馈元件，用于实时探测系统波前像差。主要包括哈特曼-夏克传感器，角锥传感器，剪切干涉仪，曲率传感器等，其中哈特曼-夏克传感器由于优异的综合性能，获得了最为广泛的应用。全息波前传感器是一种新型波前传感方法，其将多个模式像差信息加载在复用全息元件中，利用输出信号与像差幅度之间的近似线性关系，直接测量波前畸变幅度。全息波前传感器基于光学方法实现了传统波前传感器的复杂矩阵计算过程，大大降低了运算量。未来有可能将现在需要通过计算机软件驱动的自适应光学系统转变为纯硬件电子电路构成的一种超高带宽自适应光学系统。相比于哈特曼-夏克传感器，全息波前传感器还具有对光强闪烁不敏感的优点，能够工作在强湍流，强闪烁的环境中。未来有可能应用于地基光电望远镜对低仰角目标的探测，自由空间光通信水平传输，高能激光武器系统等。 本文通过理论分析，数值模拟以及实验验证对全息波前传感方法进行了深入研究。并将全息波前传感器结合21单元变形镜建立了全息自适应光学系统，对其工程应用前景进行了初步探索。在以上工作的基础上，本文将全息波前传感器与波前校正器复用于同一液晶光调制器，提出了动态全息自适应光学的概念，建立了相关理论模型，并通过数值仿真与实验验证了系统可行性。 本文的主要内容包括以下几个方面： 1. 介绍自适应光学技术的基本概念与系统组成，回顾了自适应光学系统的发展历程，并概述了其主要应用领域；分析了几种目前常用的波前传感器的基本原理，总结了各种波前传感方法的特点与局限；简要介绍了全息摄影术的基本原理，分析了全息波前传感方法的提出背景，回顾了其发展历程；介绍了国内外全息波前传感方法的发展现状。 2. 基于标量衍射理论推导了全息波前传感方法的理论模型；通过数值方法分析了不同像差偏置，不同探测孔径参数下，传感器响应灵敏度变化情况；采用光学缩印手段制造了振幅型全息图，结合CCD探测器建立了全息波前传感器，实验验证了全息波前传感方法的可行性，采用液晶空间光调制器作为波前校正元件，进行了初步的开环校正实验。 3. 简要介绍了波前校正器的主要分类与研究现状，基于高斯响应函数模型建立了21单元变形镜的数值模型，分析了其对低16项Zernike像差校正效果，进而分析了全息自适应光学系统对静态像差的闭环校正性能；基于自研的21单元变形镜作为波前校正器，实验分析了全息自适应光学系统闭环校正性能，实现校正频率优于200Hz，系统闭环后波前残差RMS值优于0.1λ；最后我们通过数值分析和实验手段，对全息自适应光学系统在宽带光照明系统中的应用进行了分析。 4. 分析了紧凑型自适应光学系统国外研究情况，提出了动态全息自适应光学的概念；描述了动态全息自适应光学系统的基本原理，建立了理论模型并数值模拟了静态像差的闭环校正过程；最后，基于液晶空间光调制器建立了实验装置，实验验证了系统可行性。 |
| 英文摘要 | Wavefront sensor is the important constituent part of the adaptive optical system. It is a feedback element used for real-time detection of the wavefront aberration of the system. It mainly includes Hartmann-Shack sensor, pyramid sensor, shearing interferometer, and curvature sensor, etc., among which Hartmann-Shack sensor has been used most widely due to its excellent comprehensive characteristics. Holographic wavefront sensor is a kind of wavefront sensing method newly proposed in recent years, and it uses multiplexing holographic element to load various aberration modes and utilizes the approximate linear relationship between the output signal and the aberration amplitude of various modes so as to directly obtain the wavefront aberration. Based on optical methods the holographic wavefront sensor has realized the complicate matrix computation process of traditional wavefront sensors and thus greatly reduced the amount of computation. In the future it is possible to transform the current adaptive optics system driven by computer software to a kind of adaptive optics system with super high band width formed by pure hardware electronic circuit. Compared to Hartmann-Shack sensor, the holographic wavefront sensor still has advantages like not being sensitive to scintillation but able to work in environment with strong turbulence and scintillation. In the future it could be possibly applied to the detection on targets in low angle of elevation by ground-base optoelectronic telescope, optical communication horizontal transmission system in free space, and high energy laser weapon system, etc. This article makes deeper researches on holographic wavefront sensor through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and experimental verification. In addition, it also establishes a holographic adaptive optics system by combining the holographic wavefront sensor with 21-element deformable mirrors and conduct primary exploration on the prospect of its application into engineering. Based on the aforementioned work, this article multiplexes the holographic wavefront sensor and the wavefront corrector into a signle liquid crystal light modulator, proposes the concept of dynamic holographic adaptive optics system, establishes related theoretical models, and verifies the feasibility through numerical simulation and experimental verification. The major content of this article includes the following aspects: 1. Basic conception and system composition of adaptive optics technology are introduced in this paper, development history of adaptive optics system is reviewed, and its main application fields are summarized; meanwhile, the basic principles of several currently used wavefront sensors are analyzed, as well as characteristic and limitation of various wavefront sensors are summarized; besides, fundamental principles of holography are introduced briefly, background of holographic wavefront sensing method is analyzed, and its development history is also reviewed; finally, the current situation of holographic wavefront sensing method at home and abroad is described. 2. The theoretical model of holographic wavefront sensing method is also deduced according to scalar diffraction theory in this paper; response sensitivity changes of sensor is analyzed through numerical method with different aberration bias and detection aperture parameters; furthermore, amplitude type hologram is established with the method of optical micro printing, holographic wavefront sensor is set up combing CCD detector, the feasibility of holographic wavefront sensing method is verified through experiments, and preliminary open-loop correction experiment is conducted by utilizing liquid crystal spatial light modulator as wavefront correction components. 3. Main classification and research status of wavefront corrector are introduced briefly in this paper, numerical model of 21-element deformable mirror based on Gaussian response function model is established, and aberration correction effect of 16 low Zernike modes is analyzed, so as to analyze the closed-loop correction performance of holographic adaptive optics system on static aberrations; moreover, closed-loop correction performance of holographic adaptive optics system is analyzed through experiment on the basis of self-developed 21-element deformable mirror, so that calibration frequency is superior to 200Hz and RMS value of wavefront residual error after closed-loop correction is superior to 0.1λ; And finally, the application of holographic adaptive optics system in broadband light illumination system is analyzed through numerical analysis and experiment measures. 4. Foreign research situation of compact adaptive optics system is analyzed, and the concept of dynamic holographic adaptive optics is put forward; meanwhile, the basic principles of dynamic holographic adaptive optics system are described, and the theoretical model is established so as to numerically simulate closed-loop calibration process of static aberrations; at last, experimental facility is set up based on liquid crystal spatial light modulator and the system feasibility is verified through experiments. |
| 公开日期 | 2015-12-24 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.ciomp.ac.cn/handle/181722/48941]  |
| 专题 | 长春光学精密机械与物理研究所_中科院长春光机所知识产出 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 姚凯男. 全息波前传感方法与动态全息自适应光学研究[D]. 中国科学院大学. 2015. |
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