QQ客服 官方微博 反馈留言

题名	高精度星敏感器若干关键技术研究
作者	伍雁雄
学位类别	博士
答辩日期	2015-05
授予单位	中国科学院大学
导师	张新
关键词	星敏感器 高精度 卷帘曝光 质心细分 光学像差
其他题名	Study on Several Key Technologies for High-Accuracy Star Sensor
学位专业	光学
中文摘要	星敏感器以恒星为探测对象，实现惯性空间三轴姿态的高精度测量。随着我国空间遥感测绘、航天侦察等高精尖空间技术的发展，以及在空间天文观测的科学需求下，对甚高精度的惯性空间测量设备提出了迫切的需求。星敏感器能够契合这种需求。在国外已经实现产品化的亚秒级高精度星敏感器背景下，开展高精度星敏感器的基础研究，探索出适合我国国情的新技术、新路线及新方法具有实际意义。 在秒级甚至亚秒级高精度星敏感器技术中，图像传感器技术对星敏感器精度的影响至关重要，而光学系统则是星敏感器产生低频误差的主要原因。本文开展高精度星敏感器的若干关键技术研究，主要包括大面阵APS图像传感器在新型曝光模式下的探测性能、噪声特性、误差机理及补偿研究；研究光学像差对超精细亚像元质心细分精度的影响，以及甚高精度星敏感器光学系统的设计方法等。本文主要做了以下研究工作： 1）阐述了星敏感器主要技术参数之间的内在逻辑与关联性，包括焦距、视场与口径，阈值星等及探测恒星数量的选择，单星测量精度，积分时间与数据更新率，以及重量、尺寸与功耗等。分析了大面阵APS图像传感器的特点，研究了新型曝光模式下的探测能力、动态范围，探测概率、探测视场以及阈值星等的选择等。 2）系统研究了基于卷帘曝光模式下影响星敏感器测量精度的各方面因素。分析并推导了探测器噪声对精度的影响模型，研究了APS图像探测器各种曝光模式引起的测量误差；详细分析了卷帘曝光模式对质心定位精度的影响机理，建模仿真分析了动态条件下对恒星位置精度的影响；修正了卷帘曝光模式下的质心细分算法模型，并给出了动态条件下的精度补偿方法。 3）研究了光学像差对超精细亚像元质心定位精度的影响机理。建模并分析了衍射受限光学系统PSF数学模型与理想高斯函数之间的差异，仿真分析了不同弥散斑尺寸及开窗尺寸下的质心定位精度的差异及分布规律；采用Zernike多项式表征像差，研究分析了初级像差对质心定位精度的影响及分布规律。 4）研究了高精度星敏感器光学系统的设计方法。阐述了恒星色温变化对测量精度的影响，建立了星敏感器光学系统设计波长及权重选择模型；研究并提出了亚秒级星敏感器光学系统无热化及消色差设计的新方法，提出新型光学系统结构型式，在此基础上完成了光学系统设计及结果评价。 5）以大面阵APS图像传感器为成像器件，构建了高精度星敏感器实验系统，进行了实验室观星实验以及单星测量精度实验，并对实验结果进行了分析。
英文摘要	Star sensor is a high precision instrument with star as frame of reference to achieve the three-axis attitude measurement in inertia space. The development of space remote sensing and reconnaissance, and the requirement of astronomical observation put forward the demand of extremely high accuracy measuring instrument in inertia space. The star sensor can meet these requirements. As foreigners have already realized the transition of star sensor in sub-second level, the investigation of high accuracy star sensor has practical significance. The image sensor has a great influence on the accuracy of star sensor, and the low frequency errors of star sensor are mainly due to the optical system. This paper carries out research on several key technologies including the detection performance of large frame array APS image sensor under novel exposure mode, the characteristic and compensation of noise and errors, the impact of optical aberrations to the precision of sub-pixel centroid subdivision and the optical design method of high accuracy star sensor. The main work of this paper are summrized below: 1) The logic and relevance of the main technical parameters of star sensor are presented including focal length, field of view, selection of threshold star magnitude and amount of detected stellar, accuracy of single star, integration time, frequency of data update, weight, size and power dissipation. The paper analyzes the characters of APS image sensor, and gives the detection ability, dynamic range, detection probability, field of view and threshold star magnitude under novel exposure mode. 2) Analyzes the various influent factors of star sensor accuracy under rolling shutter exposure mode. Builds the model of how the detector noise influents the accuracy. Analyzes the measurement error under different exposure modes of APS image sensor. Analyzes how the exposure mode of rolling shutter influents the accuracy of centroid position. Analyzes the influence to the accuracy of stellar position under dynamic conditions. The model of centroid subdivision is modified and the method of accuracy compensation is given under dynamic coditions. 3) Investigates how the optical aberrations influents the centroid position accuracy of hyperfine sub-pixel. Analyzes the difference between PSF model of diffraction-limited and ideal Gaussian function. Analyzes the difference and distribution of centroid position accuracy with different sizes of diffuse spot and window. Zernike is adopted to characterize the aberrations polynomial. Analyzes influence to centroid position accuracy and distribution of primary aberration. 4) Investigates the optical system design method of high-accuracy star sensor. Describes the influence of stellar color temperature changes on the measurement accuracy. Establishes a selection model for the wavelength weight of optical system. A new athermal and achromatic method of optical system is presented. The optical design form, results and evaluation are given. 5) Builds a high-precision star sensor test system based on APS image sensor. Carries out star measurement experiment inside laboratory and analyzes the experimental results.
公开日期	2015-12-24
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.ciomp.ac.cn/handle/181722/48923]
专题	长春光学精密机械与物理研究所_中科院长春光机所知识产出
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	伍雁雄. 高精度星敏感器若干关键技术研究[D]. 中国科学院大学. 2015.

个性服务

查看访问统计

相关权益政策

暂无数据

收藏/分享

除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。