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题名	4mSiC轻量化主镜的热控系统设计研究
作者	刘祥意
学位类别	博士
答辩日期	2015-05
授予单位	中国科学院大学
导师	张景旭
关键词	热控 主镜视宁度 温度梯度 有限元分析
其他题名	Research on thermal control system of 4m SiC lightweight primary mirror
学位专业	机械制造及其自动化
中文摘要	热问题贯穿了望远镜设计的各个方面，而且随着望远镜口径的增大，温度对望远镜的工作性能和稳定性的影响也越来越明显。对4m级及以上的望远镜，望远镜的主镜热控系统是必不可少的一部分。本文以4m望远镜的4mSiC轻量化主镜的系统为研究对象，从主镜热控必要性、热控指标的确定、热控系统的方案和结构设计等多方面进行了研究。 本文首先简扼介绍了4m望远镜系统的组成，采用有限元的分析方法，对SiC主镜与Zerodur主镜全天时工作下的热稳定性做了对比分析，说明了SiC主镜优势和热控的必要性，然后通过2mSiC轻量化主镜的仿真和实验进一步说明了热控系统的必要性；利用Zernike多项式正交且完全性，建立主镜温度场分布的数学模型，计算主镜在不同温度场下的热变形及其产生的像差形式，根据主动光学校正主镜热变形的能力提出了主镜热控系统的温度梯度热控指标，即主镜的上下表面的温度差和主镜径向温度差控制在0.2K以内，主镜的横向温度差控制在0.5K以内；从气动光学的角度分析了镜面上的湍流对主镜视宁度大小的影响，确定了主镜镜面温度与周围环境温差的热控指标，空气和主镜镜面的温差应控制在-1K~0.5K；根据热控系统的指标要求，设计了由主镜背部吹风系统和主镜镜面吹风系统组成主镜热控系统，并对热控系统的热控形式，方案和结构进行了优化设计，提出了较详细的系统工作模式和控制方案；最后根据4m望远镜系统的热控方案，设计了1.23m口径的4mSiC主镜的缩比镜的主镜背部热控实验，通过实验结果的分析，验证了热控方案的可行性。 本文对4mSiC轻量化主镜的望远镜主镜热控系统进行较详细的研究和设计。利用热控的缩比实验验证热控方案的可行性的同时，对4m主镜热控系统的工程实施进行了初步的探索，积累了相应的工程经验，对将来4m望远镜主镜热控方案最终的确定和实施具有很高的参考价值。
英文摘要	Thermal issues are concerned in all aspects of the design of the large ground-based telescope. The effect of temperature on the telescope's performance and stability has become increasingly evident with the increase of the telescope aperture. For a 4m telescope or above, the primary mirror thermal control system has become an essential part. In this paper, based on the 4mSiC lightweight primary mirror system of the telescope, the necessity, the target, the program and the structure design of mirror thermal control system is studied. Firstly, the composition of 4m telescope is introduced. The thermal stability of the primary mirror made of SiC or Zerodur is analyzed with the method of the finite element, when the telescope is running on the whole day. The advantages of SiC primary mirror and the need for thermal control is explained, then the need for thermal control system is further proved by the simulation and experiment of 2mSiC lightweight primary mirror. A mathematical model of temperature distribution in the primary mirror is built with the method of Zernike polynomial fitting. The primary mirror thermal deformation and the aberration is computed under different temperatures distributions, the thermal gradient indexs of primary mirror thermal control system is raised based on the correcting deformation ability of active optics, the temperature difference of between the upper and lower mirror surface should be controlled in less than 0.2K, the horizontal and vertical temperature difference in less than 0.5K. The impact of the turbulence on the mirror seeing is analyzed from the perspective of aero-optical. The thermal control indicator of temperature difference between primary mirror and ambient, which the temperature difference should be controlled between -1K and 0.5K, is determined. According to thermal control indicators, the primary mirror thermal control system is designed, which is composed of mirror back ventilation system and mirror surface ventilation system, the thermal control forms and the structure of the thermal control system are optimized designed, and a detailed work and control plan are proposed. Finally, according to the 4mSiC primary thermal control system, a mirror back thermal control experiment based on 1.23mSiC mirror is designed. By analyzing the experimental results, the feasibility of thermal control system is proved. In this paper, a primary mirror thermal control system for the 4m telescope is detailed studied and designed. The relevant engineering experience achieved from the experiment is preliminary explored and accumulated for the future implementation of mirror thermal control system engineering, which has a very high reference value for the final determination and implementation of the future 4m telescope primary mirror thermal control scheme.
公开日期	2015-12-24
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.ciomp.ac.cn/handle/181722/48874]
专题	长春光学精密机械与物理研究所_中科院长春光机所知识产出
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	刘祥意. 4mSiC轻量化主镜的热控系统设计研究[D]. 中国科学院大学. 2015.

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