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题名	头盔显示器光学系统关键技术研究
作者	李华
学位类别	博士
答辩日期	2015-05
授予单位	中国科学院大学
导师	张新
关键词	头盔显示器 矢量像差理论 离轴光学系统 自由曲面光学 全息光波导技术
其他题名	Research on Key Technologies of Optical System of Helmet-Mounted Display
学位专业	光学工程
中文摘要	头盔显示器是集光学、微电子、精密机械以及信号处理等技术为一体的一种全新现代显示技术，在增强现实、虚拟现实、军事和反恐等领域具有广阔的应用前景。其中，头盔显示器在军事方面的应用不仅能提高作战效率，而且代表了头盔显示技术的最高水平。 作为头盔显示器重要组成部分的光学成像系统，其主要任务是为使用者提供一个清晰、明亮的符号或者视频图像，并能叠加在真实外景上；其主要要求有视场大、出瞳大、图像清晰、体积小、重量轻和重心偏移小等。目前，头盔显示器已有了显著的进步，但更轻的重量、更紧凑的结构和更好的人机交互性能仍然是研究人员一直追求的目标，也同样是其难以得到推广的主要障碍。因此，头盔显示器光学系统设计的主要工作就是运用各种可行的技术，解决矛盾、寻求平衡。 本文正是在此背景下开展的，将近年来不断涌现出的各项新技术和元件（离轴非对称，自由曲面光学，全息光波导技术和二元衍射光学元件等）引入头盔显示器光学系统设计中，力图将可能遇到的技术难点进行预先剖析与解决，为新一代头盔显示器的研制做出应有的贡献。 文章在大量文献资料的基础上，研究了国内外头盔显示器的发展状况，阐明了课题的应用背景和意义，展望了该类系统的发展趋势。根据不同的使用需求，分析了头盔显示器光学系统的相关基本性能参数，并结合近年来出现的新技术，系统、全面地对3种不同结构型式（自由曲面棱镜结构、离轴合成器结构和全息光波导显示结构）的光学系统进行了研究。在研究自由曲面棱镜结构头盔显示器光学系统过程中，详细研究了三种自由曲面表征函数，并且选用Zernike多项式设计得到了一款该种结构型式的光学系统。在研究离轴合成器结构头盔显示器光学系统过程中，提出了一种全新的光学设计优化方法，该方法可以快速地确定自定义面型光学系统的优化起点。另外，运用高斯径向基函数表征自由曲面，设计了一款大视场、大出瞳、长出瞳距、高像质的离轴自由曲面合成器结构HMD光学系统。在研究全息光波导结构头盔显示器光学系统过程中，基于全息光学原理和全息光学元件的递归设计法，首次尝试运用光学设计软件对该种结构的头盔显示器光学系统进行仿真模拟。 论文对三种结构型式的光学系统进行了综合像质评价和性能比较，总结了每种结构型式的优缺点。根据研究结果预见，含自由曲面的离轴合成器结构成为目前头盔显示器最可行的方案。
英文摘要	Helmet mounted display (HMD), a revolutionary new display technique which is combined with optics, microelectronics, precision mechanism, and signal processing, has important application prospects in augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), military, and anti-terrorism area. Among them, the application of helmet mounted display in military not only improves combat efficiency but also represents the highest level of helmet mounted display technique. As an important part of the helmet mounted display, optical imaging system should provide the user with a clear, bright symbol or a video image which can be superimposed on the real scenery, and this is its primary task. Besides, main requirements of the optical system are wide field of view (FOV), large pupil, good image quality, small volume, light weight and small offset of gravity center, etc. Till now, helmet mounted display has made noteworthy progress, but less weight, more compact structure, and better performance of human-computer interaction are still the perpetual goal of researcher, which are also the major obstacles that HMD can be used widely. So, the main works of optical design about an HMD are seeking balance and solving the conflict with all kinds of possible technologies. Under such background, this dissertation is focused on the optical system design of HMD with sorts of new technologies and components developed in recent years, such as off-axis design, freeform optics, holographic optical waveguide technology, and diffractive optical element, etc. Moreover, the dissertation tries hard to analyze and resolve potential technical difficulties of developing helmet mounted display in advance and makes its due contribution to the development of helmet mounted display. Based on a large amount of literature, the development situation of helmet mounted display at home and abroad is studied and the background and significance about the research topic are illuminated in the dissertation. At the same time, the tendency of this kind of system is concluded. Basic parameters of optical system of helmet mounted display are analyzed and according to different usage requirements. Finally and most importantly, combined with new technologies in recent years, three totally different configurations of HMD optical systems which are freeform prism, off-axis combiner, and holographic optical waveguide are studied systematically and comprehensively. During researching on freeform prism, three common kinds of mathematical descriptions of freeform surface are analyzed, and an optical system with this kind of configuration of which the surface is described with Zernike Polynomials is designed. During researching on off-axis combiner, a new method which is helpful to design an optical system of user-defined surface is presented for optical system design. Moreover, an optical system with this kind of configuration of which the combiner is desceibed with Gaussian radial basis functions is designed, and the design results show it has properties of big field of view, large exit pupil, long exit pupil distance, and high image quality. During researching on holographic optical waveguide, this dissertation first tries to simulate this kind of optical system with optical design software on basis of principle of optical holography and recursive technique of holographic optical element (HOE). Comprehensive image quality evaluation and performance comparison of three different configurations of optical systems are carried out, and the advantages and disadvantages of each kind of configuration are summarized. Research results can forsee that the off-axis combiner with freeform surface is the most feasible scheme to design a optical system for HMD at present.
公开日期	2015-12-24
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.ciomp.ac.cn/handle/181722/48859]
专题	长春光学精密机械与物理研究所_中科院长春光机所知识产出
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	李华. 头盔显示器光学系统关键技术研究[D]. 中国科学院大学. 2015.

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