| 题名 | 光测设备捕获能力检验中目标特性标校 |
| 作者 | 黄欣 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2015-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 导师 | 沈湘衡 |
| 关键词 | 目标特性标校 统计分析 对比度标定 数学建模 捕获能力检验 |
| 其他题名 | Target Characteristics Calibration Based on Capability Test for Photoelectric Measuring Equipment |
| 学位专业 | 机械电子工程 |
| 中文摘要 | 目标捕获能力是光电测量设备重要的总体性能指标。可调对比度目标源装置能够为光电经纬仪提供待捕获的光学目标源，是一种室内检测光电经纬仪目标捕获能力的重要装置。目前，基于目标源装置来检测光电经纬仪捕获能力的目标特性标校研究还没有有效地开展，具体表现在3个方面：1）缺少目标特性参数标校基准的建立；2）影响目标特性标校相关因素的分析不够完善，缺少相关的统计学数理分析及评价；3）缺少目标特性参数与设备捕获能力水平内在联系的建立。这些不足会对检验结果的正确性产生不良影响。在国防建设中，光电测量设备检验中的标校分析工作是极其重要的技术基础和保障。因此，探索和研究目标源装置的目标特性标校，对保证检验结果正确性，提高产品质量是具有实际意义的，这对同类光测设备的目标特性标校研究也是具有参考价值的。论文提出了一种基于目标源装置的目标特性标校方法的研究思路。首先，以可调对比度目标源装置为基础，搭建了目标特性标校研究的实验环境。结合光学目标源的多参数动态量的特点，论述了目标特性参数标校基准建立的条件和所面临的难题，数据处理计量分析的方法，特别是数据描述统计的应用。通过分析光学目标源特性，提出了目标特性标校基准建立的具体实施方法，构建了目标源装置的长度标校、光学对比度标校和角速度标校基准，并给出相应的不确定度值和溯源链框图。采用数理统计手段对光学对比度的时漂效应进行了分析与修正，对被检设备图像的均匀性和稳定性进行了分析。然后对光学对比度和图像对比度函数关系的静动态对比度进行了标定。最后给出了目标源目标特性参数和图像对比度的数学模型，并通过实验进行了验证。在目标特性参数标校基准建立过程中，辐亮度标校基准选用：标准灯与漫射白板组成的测量系统标定辐亮度计PR735，精度优于1%；角速度标校基准选用：光电角编码器和互联网授时，采用定时测角法测量角速度，精度优于0.1°/s；长度标校基准选用：万能工具显微镜与标准玻璃线纹尺组成的测量系统，精度优于1μm。在影响目标特性标校相关因素评定过程中，分析了目标源光学对比度随时间漂移的成因，采用曲线拟合的方法对其进行了修正，通过残差统计分析图对拟合方法进行了评价，拟合精度优于0.15%。在3种辐亮度和3种焦距组合条件下，对被检设备图像的均匀性和稳定性进行了分析。采用实验设计和析因分析的方法，分析了辐亮度和系统焦距对像面均匀性的影响，采用两点法对其进行校正分析，明确了目标源装置辐亮度工作区间位于33Wm-2str-1~3.3 Wm-2str-1，并通过具体实验验证了辐亮度取值对捕获能力测试的影响。采用I-MR控制图法，对成像系统获取图像时间序列的稳定性进行了评定，稳定性优于99.8%。在标定目标对比度过程中，针对目标源的动态特性，采用判别分析和残差分析等统计方法，并结合散点图等统计图表，提出了一种动态光学目标对比度标定的方法，通过最小二乘法，拟合出不同速率下的动态对比度标定曲线，精度均优于99%。最后，通过实验设计、析因分析、残差分析等统计方法，将标定好的3个目标源参数与光电经纬仪的图像对比度联系起来，构建了数学模型，便于合理地设定目标源装置的目标特性参数，检验光电经纬仪的捕获能力，并通过实验验证了模型的适用性。实验证明，图像对比度在大于0.03的阈值条件下被检设备能够很好捕获目标。 |
| 英文摘要 | Target capture capability is an important general performance indicator for photoelectric measuring equipment. Adjustable contrast target source device can provide an optical target for theodolite to capture, and is a critical indoor test equipment for detecting target capture capability of photoelectric theodolite. Currently, the work based on target characteristic calibration for the target source device to detect capture capability of theodolite has not been effectively developed. That mainly embody the following three aspects : 1) Target characteristic parameters calibration reference has not be established; 2) Relevant factors of influencing target characteristics parameters calibration has not be systematically analyzed, meanwhile the relevant analysis based on statistics has not be fully evaluated; 3) Intrinsic relationship between the parameters and equipment capture capability has not be established too. In the field of national defense, calibration analysis of photoelectric measuring equipment is an extremely important technical foundation and guarantee. Therefore, the work of exploring and researching target characteristics calibration based on adjustable contrast target source device is meaningful, which also do have certain value for guiding target characteristics calibration of similar photoelectric measuring equipment. This paper proposes the research thinking based on target characteristics calibration method of target source device. First, experimental environment of target characteristics calibration is assembled on the basis of adjustable contrast target source device. Considering dynamic multi-parameter target characteristics on optical target source, discusses the establishment condition of calibration reference, the related challenge and the methods for statistics analysis of data processing, in particular the application of descriptive statistics. By analyzing the relevant properties of target source, puts forward concrete implementation methods for establishing calibration reference. Correspondingly, sets up length calibration reference, optical contrast reference and angular velocity calibration reference about target source device, and the related uncertainty and traceability diagram are given. By means of mathematical statistics, the problem of time-drift on optical contrast is correct, the uniformity and stability of images are analyzed. Then, the static and dynamic contrast is calibrated through the functional relationship between optical contrast and image gray contrast. Finally, mathematical model between target characteristics parameters and gray contrast is deduced, and is further verified by experiment. In the process of establishing calibration reference, situation of radiance calibration reference is as follows: calibrate radiance meter PR735 by means of standard lamp and diffuse white board, and accuracy of PR735 is better than 1%; situation of angular velocity calibration is as follows: through photoelectric angle encoder and time calibration in Internet, uses the method of timing angle measurement, and angular velocity accuracy is better than 0.1°/s; situation of the length calibration reference is as follows: accuracy of universal tool microscope calibrated by a standard glass-line scale is better than 1μm. In the process of evaluating the influence of related factors for calibration target characteristics, analyzes the causes of time-drift problem on target optical contrast and corrects that by the curve fitting method, evaluates this method by residual plot, fitting accuracy is better than 0.15%. Under the combined conditions of three kinds of radiance and focal length, uniformity and stability of images on detection equipment are analyzed. By the means of DOE(design of experiment) and factorial analysis methods, analyzes the influence of radiance and focal length for image uniformity, and judges from using two-point correction method to correct image non-uniformity which is available or not, it's clear that target source radiance range approximately from 33Wm-2str-1 to 3.3 Wm-2str-1 is reasonable. By using I-MR chart, the stability of image sequence based on time is evaluated, and stability is better than 99.8%. In the process of contrast calibration, considering related characteristics of dynamic target, presents a dynamic optical target contrast calibration method by the means of using discriminant analysis, residual analysis, scatterplots and some diagrams based on statistics. By using the least squares method, obtains dynamic contrast calibration curves under different rates, and fitting accuracy of calibration curves is better than 99%. Finally, by the means of using DOE, factorial analysis, residual analysis and some statistics analysis, establishes the functional relationship model between the three calibrated target source parameters and image gray contrast of theodolite. It's reasonable to set target characteristics parameters for detecting capture capabilities of theodolite through the model, and confirms the applicability of the model by the means of experiment. Experimental results show that test equipment can well capture the target at the threshold condition of image gray contrast which is greater than 0.03. |
| 公开日期 | 2015-12-24 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.ciomp.ac.cn/handle/181722/48843]  |
| 专题 | 长春光学精密机械与物理研究所_中科院长春光机所知识产出 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 黄欣. 光测设备捕获能力检验中目标特性标校[D]. 中国科学院大学. 2015. |
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